Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of the TBM patients in this study stratified into stages 1, 2 and 3.
Criteria | Stage 1 TBM | Stage 2 TBM | Stage 3 TBM |
|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
Male gender | 4 (50) | 6 (60) | 7 (50) |
Age (months)* | 65 [30–117] | 45.5 [10–135] | 42 [22–140] |
Clinical symptoms | |||
Fever | 4/8 (50) | 4/10 (40) | 12/14 (86) |
Night sweats | 0 | 1/10 (10) | 2/14 (14) |
Poor feeding | 2/8 (25) | 2/10 (20) | 5/14 (36) |
Weight loss | 3/8 (36) | 2/10 (20) | 5/14 (36) |
Vomiting without diarrhoea | 3/8 (36) | 1/10 (10) | 4/14 (29) |
Persistent (> 14 days) coughing | 1/8 (13) | 0 | 0 |
Headache | 2/8 (25) | 2/10 (20) | 1/14 (7) |
Seizures | 3/8 (36) | 1/10 (10) | 5/14 (36) |
Lethargy | 2/8 (25) | 1/10 (10) | 2/14 (14) |
Neurological signs | |||
GCS* | 15 [15] | 13 [12–15] | 10 [7–15] |
Meningism | 0 | 4/10 (40) | 3/14 (21) |
Focal motor deficit | 0 | 2/10 (20) | 4/14 (29) |
Cranial nerve palsy | 0 | 1/10 (10) | 3/14 (21) |
Raised ICP | 0 | 2/10 (20) | 4/14 (29) |
Neuroimaging (CT brain) | |||
Hydrocephalus | 2/8 (25) | 5/10 (50) | 12/14 (86) |
Infarctions | 0 | 2/10 (20) | 1/14 (7) |
Tuberculoma | 2/8 (25) | 1/10 (10) | 2/14 (14) |
Meningeal enhancement | 2/8 (25) | 2/10 (20) | 6/14 (43) |
VP shunt present | 0 | 1/10 (10) | 4/14 (29) |
Other radiology | |||
CXR (signs of pulmonary TB) | 1/8 (13) | 3/10 (30) | 2/14 (14) |
Laboratory values | |||
Blood sodium (mmol/L)* | 139 [136.7–142.2] | 136 [134.7–137.7] | 131.5 [124.5–138] |
Blood total protein (g/L)* | 34 [17–51] | 74 [73–75] | 78.5 [76.7– 80.2] |
Blood glucose (mmol/L)* | 0 | 2.95 [1.47–4.42] | 7.1 [6 –7.4] |
Blood lipids* | 0 | 0 | 1.95 [0.97–2.92] |
CSF protein (g/L)* | 0.53 [0.12–6.20] | 0.93 [0.83–1.27] | 0.84 [0.76–1.93] |
CSF glucose (mmol/L)* | 2.6 [1.27–3.6] | 2.05 [1.2–2.71] | 1.8 [0.8–2.85] |
CSF lymphocytes (cells/µL)* | 40 [20–60] | 157 [103–410] | 57 [40–83] |
CSF lymphocytes (%)* | 43 [21.7–65.2] | 92 [88–94.8] | 96 [94.5–100] |
