Table 4 Biomarkers in isolated TBI versus polytrauma TBI.

From: Systemic and cerebro-cardiac biomarkers following traumatic brain injury: an interim analysis of randomized controlled clinical trial of early administration of beta blockers

 

Polytrauma cases† (n = 192)

Isolated head injury†† (n = 158)

p value**

Routine laboratory

  HsTnT initial

20.6 (15.2 to 26.0)

9.9 (7.9 to 11.7)

0.003

  HsTnT (repeated after 6 h) (n = 303)

40.2 (24.5 to 55.9)

16.8 (8.1 to 25.5)

0.001

  Serum CRP (n = 339)

29.4 (22.7 to 36.1)

15.8 (12.4 to 19.2)

0.12

  Lactate (n = 343)

2.7 (2.4 to 2.9)

2.7 (2.3 to 3.1)

0.14

  Base deficit (n = 334)

 − 2.4 (− 2.9 to 1.8)

 − 1.0 (− 1.7 to 0.3)

0.001

Pro-inflammatory cytokines

 Interleukin-6 (pg/ml)

  Baseline (on-admission)

126.6 (92.8 to 160.4)

63.6 (46.7 to 80.5)

0.004

  After 24 h†

99.9 (71.6 to 128.3)

66.5 (42.2 to 90.8)

0.001

  After 48 h††

101.9 (72.9 to 130.8)

67.7 (38.2 to 97.2)

0.001

  p value within the group*

0.001

0.001

 

 Interleukin-18 (pg/ml)

  Baseline (on-admission)

555.5 (490.2 to 620.7)

583.8 (509.4 to 658.1)

0.72

  After 24 h†

555.1 (491.8 to 618.4)

602.5 (493.2 to 711.8)

0.90

  After 48 h††

561.3 (485.9 to 636.7)

559.8 (447.1 to 672.6)

0.85

  p value within the group

0.02

0.001

 

 Interleukin-1β (pg/ml)

  Baseline (on-admission)

68.4 (45.4 to 91.4)

49.1 (35.6 to 62.5)

0.89

  After 24 h†

49.9 (34.6 to 65.2)

62.6 (37.6 to 87.6)

0.35

  After 48 h††

33.9 (24.2 to 43.7)

28.8 (23.1 to 34.5)

0.25

  p value within the group*

0.001

0.01

 

 Interleukin-8 (pg/ml)

  Baseline (on-admission)

406.6 (307.1 to 506.1)

339.2 (228.7 to 449.7)

0.01

  After 24 h†

443.4 (325.5 to 561.2)

337.7 (264.2 to 411.5)

0.32

  After 48 h††

412.4 (313.5 to 511.3)

335.3 (253.8 to 416.8)

0.78

  p value within the group*

0.009

0.15

 

 Epinephrine (pg/ml)

  Baseline (on-admission)

1783.2 (1497.6 to 2068.7)

1882.2 (1517.3 to 2247.1)

0.50

  After 24 h

1783.7 (1471.1 to 2096.5)

1848.7 (1499.4 to 2197.9)

0.92

  p value within the group*

0.27

0.14

 

 Brain injury markers

  S-100B (pg/ml) at baseline

538.4 (424.1 to 652.7)

378.5 (283.5 to 473.6)

0.06

 Neuron-specific enolase (pg/ml)

  Baseline (on-admission)

21,407 (17,701 to 25,112)

20,353 (16,224 to 24,482)

0.58

  After 24 h†

17,706 (14,340 to 21,071)

18,067 (14,859 to 21,274)

0.09

  After 48 h††

17,592 (13,877 to 21,308)

16,718 (13,472 to 19,964)

0.28

  p value within the group*

0.001

0.04

 
  1. †Head AIS < 2 and any other AIS ≥ 2; ††Head AIS ≥ 2 and any other AIS < 2.
  2. *Wilcoxon signed-rank tests for K-related samples (p value determined by Friedman) to see significance differences within each group from baseline to 48 h within the group.
  3. **Mann–Whitney U test (Kruskal–Wallis test) was used to see significant difference between the two groups; data presented as mean, 95% CI.
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