Fig. 11
From: Impact of mixing and shaking on mRNA-LNP drug product quality characteristics
Proposed mechanism explaining simultaneous LNP size increase and loss in mRNA encapsulation, caused by air bubbles. (1) Air bubbles bump onto LNP surface. (2) PEGylated lipids on the outer surface of LNPs are removed through air–liquid interfacial forces. (3) Decreased repulsion between neighboring LNPs causes merging. (4) Partial loss of mRNA payload during merging. (5) Stable LNPs with larger size, but decreased mRNA payload, are formed. Figure created with BioRender.com.
