Fig. 7

Continuous wavelet transforms of the monthly time series for the Puelo River streamflow (top) and the maximum vertical salinity gradient in Reloncaví Sound (middle) between 1993 and 2021. Black contours indicate time–frequency ranges with statistically significant power, and the dashed horizontal lines indicate a 12-month period (i.e., annual cycle). Bottom panel: Cross-wavelet coherence analysis for both monthly time series. The thick black contours indicate significant coherence (colour scale). Arrows indicate the phase of the coherence between the variables (right = in-phase, left = anti-phase).