Table 5 Comparison of Multivariate Regression Results of Parental Mental Health and Its Related Factors Under Different Coping Styles.

From: Influence of parental attitudes and coping styles on mental health during online teaching in the COVID-19 pandemic

Variables	PSS				PHQ-9				GHQ-12
	Negactive coping		Postive coping		Negactive coping		Postive coping		Negactive coping		Postive coping
	Estimate	p-value	Estimate	p-value	Estimate	p-value	Estimate	p-value	Estimate	p-value	Estimate	p-value
(Intercept)	147.91	0.000***	147.31	0.000***	27.01	0.000***	34.86	0.000***	18.20	0.000***	25.07	0.000***
Child grade
1–3
4–6	0.91	0.693	− 2.80	0.200	0.43	0.659	− 0.17	0.775	− 0.01	0.995	− 0.28	0.596
7–9	0.15	0.945	− 1.55	0.487	3.79	0.000***	2.56	0.000***	2.83	0.000***	2.38	0.000***
Parent gender
Male
Female	− 4.29	0.013*	− 0.35	0.833	− 1.35	0.065	0.22	0.639	− 0.92	0.114	0.08	0.837
Parent age
< 30
>45	− 12.16	0.110	5.40	0.390	− 2.45	0.447	− 0.99	0.573	− 2.11	0.410	− 1.18	0.430
30–37	− 6.99	0.331	1.56	0.783	− 3.16	0.301	0.28	0.862	− 2.92	0.229	− 0.06	0.964
38–45	− 7.21	0.324	4.86	0.400	− 1.86	0.548	0.94	0.558	− 1.76	0.476	0.78	0.570
Parent education
Primary School
Middle School	0.33	0.927	− 2.75	0.452	3.36	0.026*	0.39	0.704	2.93	0.015*	− 0.36	0.676
High School	1.18	0.746	− 10.84	0.004**	4.39	0.005**	− 0.32	0.760	3.62	0.003**	− 0.93	0.293
College	− 6.81	0.068	− 10.54	0.005**	3.48	0.028*	− 0.24	0.819	2.79	0.027*	− 0.73	0.407
Graduate School	3.71	0.636	− 5.90	0.439	4.56	0.172	− 1.52	0.475	3.67	0.166	− 2.52	0.164
Online class approval
Disapprove
Approve	2.04	0.268	2.27	0.215	1.62	0.039*	1.71	0.001***	1.45	0.020*	1.64	0.000***
Online class pressure
Very High
High	− 7.59	0.002**	− 8.37	0.000***	− 1.59	0.123	− 1.47	0.027*	− 1.41	0.085	− 1.21	0.032*
Moderate	− 16.85	0.000***	− 15.75	0.000***	− 3.97	0.000**	− 2.08	0.002**	− 3.65	0.000***	− 2.10	0.000***
No Pressure	− 31.38	0.000***	− 27.46	0.000***	− 5.72	0.001***	− 2.91	0.005**	− 5.10	0.000***	− 3.33	0.000***
Emotional source
Pandemic Impact
Online Learning	− 0.23	0.931	− 1.57	0.551	− 0.56	0.628	− 1.05	0.151	− 0.72	0.436	− 1.12	0.074
Emotional source Both	3.13	0.143	1.43	0.509	1.94	0.033*	1.04	0.087	1.42	0.049*	0.63	0.219
ADHD type
Combined Type
Hyperactive Impulsive Type	− 7.57	0.375	− 9.72	0.548	1.56	0.667	− 6.66	0.141	2.16	0.454	− 4.64	0.227
Normal	− 3.77	0.476	− 20.19	0.140	− 1.92	0.394	− 12.82	0.001***	− 0.47	0.794	− 9.29	0.004**
Inattentive Type	12.72	0.069	− 7.15	0.619	3.66	0.216	− 10.07	0.012*	3.20	0.175	− 7.14	0.037*
Multiple R²\F-statistic \p-value	0.1772\7.57\***		0.2032\8.162\***		0.1237\4.965\***		0.1460\5.473\***		0.1346\5.468\***		0.1921\7.610\***

The variables in the last row, 'Multiple R²', 'F-statistic', and 'p-value', indicate the key metrics of the regression model, providing information on the proportion of variance explained, the overall significance of the model, and the statistical significance of the results, respectively.
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.

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Table 5 Comparison of Multivariate Regression Results of Parental Mental Health and Its Related Factors Under Different Coping Styles.

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