Fig. 4

Contribution to disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of years lived with disability (YLD) and years of life lost owing to premature death (YLL) by cancer type and sex in 2017 and 2021, Almaty. This figure shows the proportional contribution of years lived with disability (YLD, shown in orange) and years of life lost due to premature death (YLL, shown in purple) to total disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for each specific case by cancer type and sex in Almaty for lung, breast, colorectal, stomach, cervical and prostate cancer, reflecting temporal changes in disease burden over the period 2017–2021.