Fig. 2
LbNOX alters the intracellular glutamate pathway. An overview of metabolic profiling. (A) Principal component analysis (PCA) of naive and LbNOX-expressing U-87 MG cells. The PCA was performed on 91 metabolites selected from the metabolite profiling, which were significantly altered (± 1.5 < fold-change, P value < 0.05). Pink represents the naive sample group, and green represents the LbNOX expression group (n = 3). (B) Heatmap of the 30 most significantly changed metabolites. The color scale values on the side represent relative intensity. Among the 91 changed metabolites, the top 30 that were most significant and showed the most change were displayed. (C) Graph of pathway impact analysis using 91 altered metabolites. The analysis was performed as described using MetaboAnalyst 5.059. The color represents the ratio of altered metabolites in a given pathway; thus, in pathways with lower p-values, more metabolites were altered. The circle size is proportional to the impact score, ranging from 0 to 1.0. (D) Heatmap of metabolites in the pathways that were most significantly impacted by the pathway analysis. (E) Bar graph of the relative abundance of the metabolite that differs most between samples. Black is the LbNOX sample, and gray is the naive sample. The x-axis represents metabolites and the y-axis represents relative abundance based on mass-spectrometry. Glu, glutamate; Gln, glutamine; Thr, threonine; Asp, aspartate; Arg, arginine.
