Table 2 Movement behaviors and functional capacity of individuals with Long COVID, categorized according to the presence of different adverse symptoms.

From: Association of physical symptoms with accelerometer-measured movement behaviors and functional capacity in individuals with Long COVID

Physical symptoms

Sedentary time (h/day)

Light PA (h/day)

MVPA (min/week)

Step count (steps/day)

6MWT (meters)

30-s CST (repetitions)

TUG (seconds)

Functional score (a.u.)

Fatigue

 No (n = 12*; 13#)

9.3 ± 1.8

5.0 ± 1.6

126.5 ± 112.7

12050 ± 5636

538.6 ± 110.5

13.5 ± 2.5

6.5 ± 1.2

0.6 ± 2.2

 Yes (n = 77*; 83#)

10.4 ± 2.0

4.7 ± 1.5

112.1 ± 83.7

6707 ± 3570

514.2 ± 77.9

13.3 ± 3.2

6.6 ± 1.0

0.1 ± 1.8

 p

0.087

0.610

0.600

 < 0.001

0.326

0.857

0.721

0.366

Dyspnea

 No (n = 14*; 14#)

10.4 ± 1.4

4.2 ± 1.4

97.3 ± 90.6

7247 ± 3162

533.0 ± 99.2

14.2 ± 2.5

6.1 ± 0.8

1.1 ± 1.5

 Yes (n = 72*; 80#)

10.3 ± 2.1

4.9 ± 1.5

117.9 ± 85.5

7321 ± 4180

516.3 ± 78.9

13.2 ± 3.2

6.7 ± 1.0

0.1 ± 1.7

 p

0.860

0.116

0.415

0.950

0.473

0.259

0.039

0.040

Post-exertional malaise

 No (n = 34*; 36#)

10.0 ± 2.3

5.1 ± 1.7

138.1 ± 100.1

9271 ± 5630

525.2 ± 85.4

13.4 ± 3.4

6.8 ± 1.2

0.2 ± 2.0

 Yes (n = 49*; 51#)

10.6 ± 1.8

4.5 ± 1.4

103.1 ± 78.6

5993 ± 2500

509.4 ± 84.3

13.3 ± 3.0

6.5 ± 1.0

0.1 ± 1.8

 p

0.194

0.109

0.087

0.001

0.386

0.836

0.105

0.881

Myalgia

 No (n = 43*; 41#)

10.1 ± 2.1

5.1 ± 1.6

116.2 ± 95.4

8086 ± 5090

516.4 ± 80.5

13.6 ± 3.5

6.7 ± 1.1

0.3 ± 2.1

 Yes (n = 39*; 43#)

10.7 ± 1.9

4.6 ± 1.5

109.9 ± 78.9

6966 ± 3365

512.3 ± 89.7

13.2 ± 3.0

6.7 ± 1.0

− 0.1 ± 1.5

 p

0.187

0.115

0.750

0.249

0.822

0.587

0.866

0.434

Co-occurrence of physical symptoms

 ≤ 1 symptom (n = 11*;13#)

9.4 ± 1.9

5.1 ± 1.6

149.2 ± 125.1

12,290 ± 5872

525.5 ± 109.7

13.9 ± 3.1

6.6 ± 1.1

0.5 ± 2.3

 2 symptoms (n = 23*;22#)

9.7 ± 2.1

5.0 ± 1.7

111.0 ± 79.3

7959 ± 4236†

544.1 ± 68.1

13.2 ± 2.9

6.5 ± 1.2

0.4 ± 2.0

 3 symptoms (n = 36*;41#)

10.5 ± 1.9

4.7 ± 1.5

103.4 ± 86.4

6109 ± 3331†

516.8 ± 60.1

13.3 ± 3.5

6.6 ± 1.0

0.3 ± 1.7

 4 symptoms (n = 19*;22#)

10.9 ± 1.8

4.6 ± 1.5

116.8 ± 74.6

6464 ± 2665†

488.7 ± 106.7

13.0 ± 2.8

6.7 ± 1.0

− 0.5 ± 1.5

 p

0.121

0.672

0.514

 < 0.001

0.175

0.871

0.983

0.283

  1. PA: physical activity; MVPA: moderate-to-vigorous physical activity; 6MWT: six-minute walk test; CST: chair stand test; TUG: timed up and go.
  2. Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Bold values indicate p < 0.05. †Indicate difference with ≤ 1symptoms. Functional score was calculated by summing the z-scores of all tests, adjusted for sex. *Individuals with movement behaviors data; #Individuals with functional capacity data.
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