Fig. 1

Schematic of study design. COPDGene, Genetic Epidemiology of COPD study. MESA, Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. SPIROMICS, SubPopulations and InteRmediate Outcomes Measures in COPD Study. ProtRS, Protein risk score.

Schematic of study design. COPDGene, Genetic Epidemiology of COPD study. MESA, Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. SPIROMICS, SubPopulations and InteRmediate Outcomes Measures in COPD Study. ProtRS, Protein risk score.