Fig. 3

The Luberizi and Mulongwe watersheds in the Ruzizi plain, Eastern D.R. Congo (slopes were calculated using ALOSPALSAR DEM of 12.5 m resolution while the Land use and land cover (LULC) were determined using Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS data following the support vector machine (SVM) algorithm in ArcGIS 10.8.1 Esri-TM).