Table 1 Patient and transplantation characteristics of the non-PTDM and PTDM groups.

From: Perioperative glucose monitoring with continuous glucose monitors identifies risk factors for post-transplant diabetes mellitus in kidney transplant recipients

Characteristics

Total (n = 60)

Non-PTDM (n = 46)

PTDM (n = 14)

P-value

Baseline characteristics

 Age (years)

48.6 ± 12.5

46.2 ± 13.0

56.4 ± 9.8

0.009

 Male sex

33 (55.0%)

21 (45.7%)

12 (85.7%)

0.008

 BMI (kg/m2)

23.0 ± 3.5

22.7 ± 3.6

24.2 ± 2.9

0.150

 Waist-to-hip ratio

0.9 ± 0.1

0.9 ± 0.1

0.9 ± 0.1

0.460

 Fat ratio (%)

29.8 ± 10.4

31.2 ± 10.3

25.7 ± 9.9

0.098

 Muscle ratio (%)

35.9 ± 8.8

33.7 ± 10.6

39.6 ± 8.0

0.070

Donor characteristics

 Preoperative desensitization

16 (26.7%)

13 (28.3%)

3 (21.4%)

0.740

 Donor age

49.6 ± 12.3

51.2 ± 11.7

44.5 ± 13.2

0.073

 Donor male sex

27 (45.0%)

21 (45.7%)

6 (42.9%)

0.854

 Donor BMI

23.3 ± 4.1

23.3 ± 4.2

23.2 ± 3.8

0.959

 Related donor

35 (58.3%)

26 (56.5%)

9 (64.3%)

0.606

Underlying disease

 Hypertension

42 (70.0%)

31 (67.4%)

11 (78.6%)

0.520

 Dyslipidemia

6 (10.0%)

5 (10.9%)

1 (7.1%)

1.000

 Liver disease

5 (8.3%)

4 (9.3%)

1 (7.1%)

1.000

 Coronary artery disease

7 (11.7%)

5 (10.9%)

2 (14.3%)

0.660

 Family history of DM

3 (5%)

3 (6.5%)

0 (0%)

1.000

ESRD cause

 Glomerulonephritis

27 (45.0%)

21(45.7%)

6 (42.9%)

1.000

 Unknown

11 (18.3%)

9 (19.6%)

2 (14.3%)

1.000

 Polycystic disease

9 (15.0%)

6 (13.0%)

3 (21.4%)

0.423

 Hypertension

6 (10.0%)

4 (8.7%)

2 (14.3%)

0.617

 Other

1 (1.7%)

1 (2.2%)

0 (0%)

1.000

Dialysis state

 Preemptive

26 (43.3%)

18 (39.1%)

8 (57.1%)

0.234

Baseline laboratory results

 Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL)

83.6 ± 12.5

83.4 ± 13.5

84.5 ± 8.8

0.767

 HbA1c (%)

5.2 ± 0.5

5.2 ± 0.5

5.5 ± 0.4

0.023

 Fasting insulin (μIU/mL)

11.1 ± 4.8

10.8 ± 4.7

12.0 ± 5.0

0.428

 C-peptide (ng/mL)

5.9 ± 3.5

5.7 ± 2.9

6.4 ± 4.9

0.558

 HOMA-IR

2.3 ± 1.1

2.2 ± 1.1

2.5 ± 1.0

0.445

 HOMA-B

226.8 ± 251.8

218.9 ± 269.5

251.5 ± 192.2

0.678

 Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

150.0 ± 33.4

153.2 ± 33.4

139.7 ± 32.6

0.190

 Triglyceride (mg/dL)

99.0 ± 44.8

98.22 ± 47.5

101.5 ± 36.0

0.813

 High-density lipids (mg/dL)

48.1 ± 16.4

51.3 ± 16.3

37.7 ± 11.8

0.006

 Low-density lipids (mg/dL)

79.5 ± 26.8

81.6 ± 26.4

72.8 ± 28.0

0.284

Immunosuppression

 Mean tacrolimus C0 level during hospitalization (ng/mL)

10.0 ± 1.9

9.6 ± 1.7

11.3 ± 2.2

0.003

 Tacrolimus C0 level at discharge (ng/mL)

10.2 ± 2.1

9.8 ± 1.9

11.4 ± 2.2

0.014

 3-Month cumulative exposure  of tacrolimus (ng/mL)

826.5 ± 91.8

804.7 ± 90.0

898.3 ± 54.4

0.001

 Anti-thymoglobulin induction

5 (8.3%)

4 (8.7%)

1 (7.1%)

1.000

 Steroid pulse during admission

4 (6.7%)

3 (6.5%)

1 (7.1%)

1.000

 Mean steroids dose during hospitalization

143.1 ± 56.6

144.1 ± 60.5

139.9 ± 42.7

0.811

Renal function

 Baseline eGFR (CKD-EPI) (mL/min/1.73 m2)

7.3 ± 3.0

7.3 ± 3.1

7.4 ± 2.7

0.876

Cold ischemia time (min)

59.06 ± 20.5

60.23 ± 21.6

55.0 ± 16.8

0.317

Total hospital stays (days)

17.0 ± 9.1

17.9 ± 10.0

14.2 ± 4.1

0.051

  1. Values are presented as means ± standard deviations or numbers (%).
  2. Liver disease is defined as chronic hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus infection or liver cirrhosis.
  3. BMI body mass index, DM diabetes mellitus, CKD-EPI Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, ESRD end-stage renal disease, HbA1c hemoglobin A1c, HOMA-B homeostasis model assessment of beta-cell function, HOMA-IR homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, PTDM post-transplantation diabetes mellitus.
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