Table 3 Modeling parameters.

Young’s modulus, \(E\)

110 GPa

Poisson ratio\(, \nu \)

0.3

Static yielding stress, \({\tau }_{y}\)

110 MPa

Cleavage plane fracture stress, \({\sigma }_{cleavg}\)

440 MPa

Initial mobile density, \({\rho }_{m0}\)

10⁶ m⁻²

Initial immobile density, \({\rho }_{im0}\)

10⁸ m⁻²

Saturation density, \({\rho }_{sat}\)

10¹⁵ m⁻²

Loading strain rate, \(\dot{\varepsilon }\)

10⁻⁴ s⁻¹