Table 14 Fuel properties of NFJOEE.

From: RSM integrated GWO, Driving Training, and Election-Based Algorithms for optimising ethylic biodiesel from ternary oil of neem, animal fat, and jatropha

Properties

NFJOEE

Ternary oil methyl ester8b

HOEE99c

ASTM D6752

EN 14,214

Diesel fuel (B0)

KV @ 40 °C(mm2/s)

5.72

4.33

4.48

1.9–6.0

3.5–5.0

4.48

Density @ 30 °C (kg/m3)

886

880

862.9

NS

860- 900

861.8

Acid value (mgKOH/g)

0.35

0.12

ND

0.5 max

0.5 max

NA

Flash point (oC)

153

157

NR

130 min

120 min

76

Cloud point (oC)

− 3

− 8

NR

− 3 to − 12

 < 0

− 9

Pour point (oC)

0

− 15

NR

 < 0

 < 0

− 15

HHV (MJ/kg)

41.1

NR

40.88

43.20

  1. a, b, ternary oil methyl biodiesel; c.
  2. NA Not Available, NS not specified.