Table 2 Overview of diverse Design of experiment like and MSSA in in low carbon fuel, automotive and biofuel industries.
Experimental technique | Protocols for green diesel production | Types of feedstocks | Variables | Response(s) | Optimisation methods | Significant remarks | Refs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Methylic protocol | Ethylic protocol | |||||||
RSM | \(\surd\) | X | AWF-CSO-CRO mix | ME:HO = 3/1–15/1; Cd = 0.15–0.75 wt.%; Rte = 40–60 oC; Rti = 45–105 min | Yield | GWO | GWO outperformed RSM model in enhancing biodiesel quality and yield | |
BBD | \(\surd\) | X | Nahar oil (NO) | ME:NO = 7/1–13/1; Cd = 0.8–2.0 wt.%; Rte = 50–58 °C; Rti = 100–200 min | Yield | GWO | Optimising NO biodiesel achieved through BBD and GWO models | |
BBD | \(\surd\) | X | Rice bran oil (RBO) | ME:RBO = 30–60; Cd = 0.5–1.0 wt.%; Rti = 6–10 min | Yield | ANN-GWO | Reliability of the ANN-GWO model for optimising RBO biodiesel | |
X | NS | NS | X | W/D emulsion (0–30%);ES = 1000–3000 rpm | BP, BTE, BSFC, NOx | GWO, IGOW, MPR | Excellent exploratory capability of IGWO over GWO and MPR models established | |
RSM | \(\surd\) | X | Tobacco seed oil | ME:Tobaco seed oil = 4/1–8/1; Cd = 0.5–1.5 wt.%; Rti = 40–80 min | Yield | ANN-GWO technique | GWO model for diversification of nocotiano based biodiesel prepared for tobacco industries | |
X | X | X | X | Fuel type and engine load | Thermal efficiency, fuel consumption, CO, HC, and NOx emissions | GOA, ALO, and GWO | GWO predicted values agreed adequately with the experimental datasets | |
x | \(\surd\) | X | ME:oil; Cd; Rte ; Rti | Kinematic viscosity (KV) | Genetic Programming (GP)-GWO technique | Suitability of GP and GWO model proven for estimating KV of biodiesel | ||
RSM | \(\surd\) | X | Abundant waste oil (AWO) | ME:AWOO = 4/1–8/1; Cd = 0.5–1.0 wt.%; Rti = 40–80 min | Yield | GWO | GWO model outperformed RSM model in boosting AWO biodiesel from the eateries and food vendors | |
RSM | \(\surd\) | X | canola oil (CO) | EHN = 0–1000 mg/L; ES = 1600– 4400 rpm) | BP, BP, BTE, BSFC, NOx, CO2, | GWO | GWO slightly outperformed RSM model in predicting performance and emission emission of IC engine operated on CO biodiesel | |
