Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients according to PD status.
From: Cardiovascular outcomes in Parkinson’s disease patients from a retrospective cohort study
PD (n = 1211) | Non-PD (n = 86,715) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 73.1 ± 10.0 | 62.8 ± 11.7 | < 0.01 |
Male (n, %) | 530 (43.8) | 44,467 (51.3) | < 0.01 |
Alcohol (n, %) | 218 (18.0) | 14,988 (17.3) | 0.51 |
Smoking (n, %) | 129 (10.7) | 11,471 (13.2) | < 0.01 |
Hypertension (n, %) | 783 (64.7) | 55,502 (64.0) | 0.64 |
Diabetes (n, %) | 524 (43.3) | 33,132 (38.2) | < 0.01 |
Dyslipidemia (n, %) | 770 (63.6) | 60,036 (69.2) | < 0.01 |
CKD (n, %) | 298 (24.6) | 21,113 (24.4) | 0.83 |
Atrial fibrillation (n, %) | 76 (6.3) | 6480 (7.5) | 0.12 |
Prior myocardial infarction (n, %) | 40 (3.3) | 4452 (5.1) | < 0.01 |
Prior heart failure (n, %) | 10 (0.8) | 3323 (3.8) | < 0.01 |
Prior stroke (n, %) | 238 (19.7) | 8175 (9.4) | < 0.01 |
Prior PCI (n, %) | 30 (2.5) | 7645 (8.8) | < 0.01 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 127.8 ± 17.5 | 129.0 ± 16.3 | 0.02 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 74.9 ± 11.3 | 77.1 ± 12.0 | < 0.01 |
Heart rate (bpm) | 79.6 ± 13.3 | 80.9 ± 17.0 | 0.03 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.0 ± 18.8 | 25.8 ± 19.6 | 0.21 |
Hoehn–Yahr stage | 2.3 ± 1.1 | – | – |
UPDRS scale III | 25.9 ± 15.8 | – | – |
Parkinson’s disease drugs | |||
Levodopa (± DDCI and/or COMT inhibitors) (n, %) | 1081 (89.3) | – | – |
Dopamine agonist (n, %) | 548 (45.3) | – | – |
MAO-B inhibitor (n, %) | 494 (40.8) | – | – |
Amantadine (n, %) | 225 (18.6) | – | – |
Anticholinergics (n, %) | 336 (27.8) | – | – |
Anti-hypertensive medication | |||
RAS inhibitor (n, %) | 494 (40.8) | 35,920 (41.4) | 0.66 |
DHP-CCB (n, %) | 435 (35.9) | 28,528 (32.9) | 0.03 |
Beta-blocker (n, %) | 455 (37.6) | 24,090 (27.8) | < 0.001 |
Diuretics (n, %) | 304 (25.1) | 22,640 (26.1) | 0.43 |
Anti-lipidemic medication | |||
Statin (n, %) | 532 (43.9) | 43,333 (50.0) | < 0.01 |
Anti-diabetic medication | |||
OHA (n, %) | 255 (21.1) | 22,476 (25.9) | < 0.01 |
Insulin (n, %) | 128 (10.6) | 10,587 (12.2) | 0.08 |
Laboratory finding | |||
Potassium (mEq/L) | 4.2 ± 0.4 | 4.3 ± 0.4 | < 0.01 |
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.1 ± 1.6 | 13.7 ± 1.7 | < 0.01 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.9 ± 0.3 | 1.0 ± 0.8 | 0.06 |
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 80.3 ± 22.7 | 85.3 ± 23.0 | < 0.01 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 166.9 ± 38.3 | 170.8 ± 42.0 | < 0.01 |
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 49.0 ± 12.9 | 51.1 ± 13.6 | < 0.01 |
LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 102.7 ± 32.5 | 104.4 ± 36.0 | 0.11 |
Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 120.2 ± 64.3 | 141.1 ± 99.1 | < 0.01 |
hsCRP (mg/L) | 1.0 ± 1.8 | 1.1 ± 1.9 | 0.12 |
Glucose (mg/dL) | 122.8 ± 49.3 | 115.2 ± 35.6 | < 0.01 |
HbA1c (%) | 6.2 ± 1.1 | 6.4 ± 1.3 | < 0.01 |
CV risk group* (n, %) | < 0.01 | ||
Low-moderate risk | 187 (15.4) | 26,079 (30.1) | |
High risk | 442 (36.5) | 29,725 (34.3) | |
Very high risk | 582 (48.1) | 30,911 (35.7) | |
