Figure 2 | Scientific Reports

Figure 2

From: Surface polarization profile of ferroelectric thin films probed by X-ray standing waves and photoelectron spectroscopy

Figure 2

Reciprocal space maps around (-103) substrate Bragg peak of the BTO/SRO/DSO (a), BTO/SRO/GSO (b) and BTO/SRO/SSO (c) samples. The gray vertical dashed lines indicate the reciprocal lattice parameter \(Q_\textrm{x}\) shared by the substrate, the BTO, and SRO thin films in each sample. PFM phase images of the BTO/SRO/DSO (d), BTO/SRO/GSO (e), and BTO/SRO/SSO (f) samples. The sign of the applied tip voltage (\(\pm \textrm{V}\)) within the gray boxes and the resulting average polarization direction \(\textrm{P}^\uparrow\) (\(\odot\)) or \(\textrm{P}^\downarrow\) (\(\otimes\)) in the probed areas are marked on each panel. The PFM phase beyond the gray boxes indicates the average polarization direction of as-grown samples.

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