Table 1 Temperature statistics for some high Cold tunnels.

From: Strength degradation characteristics and damage constitutive model of sandstone under freeze–thaw cycles

Name

Geographical position

Maximum burial depth (m)

Tunnel entrance temperature (°C)

Temperature inside the tunnel (°C)

Fenghuo Mountain Tunnel 32

Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

100

-30

-15

-5

Guigara Tunnel 33

1152

-17

-0.91

5

Daban Mountain Tunnel 34

1085

-34

-12

-7

Qingsha Mountain Tunnel 35

2012

-18

-4.8

0.9

Baila Mountain Tunnel 36

1530

-28

-10

-3

Lingding Tunnel 37

Tianshan

2012

-21

-6.71

0

Kunlun Mountain Tunnel 38

Kunlun Mountain

100

-23

-12

-1

Mocha Tunnel 39

Siberia

774

-17

5

13

CRREL Tunnel 40

Alaska

610

-40

-25

-7

Hanopo Tunnel 41

Hokkaido

449

-20

-11

4