Table 2 Summary of rock freeze–thaw cycle test plan.
Authors (or standards) | Freezing temperature (°C) | Freezing time (h) | Melting temperature (°C) | Melting time (h) | Cycle number | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Literatures | Anderson 42 | -18 | 1.5 | 24 | 1.5 | 25 | Rock-like material |
Park et al.43 | -20 | 4 | 10 | 4 | 50 | Diorite, basalt, tuff | |
Bayram1 | -20 | 2 | 20 | 2 | 25 | Marble | |
Momeni et al.44 | -20 | 15 | 20 | 9 | 30 | Sandstone | |
Ghobadi et al.45 | -20 | 12 | 20 | 6 | 60 | Sandstone, shale, coal | |
Yang46 | -20 | 12 | 20 | 12 | 20 | Sandstone | |
Freier-Lisa et al.47 | -12 | 6 | 20 | 6 | 280 | Granite | |
Standard | The ISRM Suggested Methods for Rock Characterization, Testing and Monitoring: 2007-201448 | -20 ± 2 | 4 | 20 ± 2 | 4 | 25 | Soak the sample in 20 °C water for 48 h. Then take it out and place it in a -20 ± 2 °C freezer, freezing for 15 h. Then heat up in a water bath and melt for 9 h. The number of freeze–thaw cycles is 30, and experimental observations are conducted every 5 cycles. |
Standard test method for evaluation of durability of rock for erosion control under freezing and thawing condition49 | -18 ± 2.5 | 16 | 32 ± 2.5 | 8 | According to the frozen zone zoning map of the United States, with 5 cycles as the characteristic observation unit, the maximum number of freeze–thaw cycles shall not exceed 55. | ||
Natural Stone Test Methods—Determination of Frost Resistance50 | -12 | 6 | 20 | 6 | 280 | Soak the sample in clean water at 20 °C for 48 ± 2 h. Then take it out and place it in a freezer, requiring a temperature drop from 20 °C to -8 °C for a duration of 4 h. Then, the temperature drops from − 8 °C to -12 °C for 2 h. Then, soak the sample in water and melt it, with a temperature of -12 °C to 20 °C and a melting time of 6 h. Every 70 freeze–thaw cycles serve as a unit. | |
