Table 5 Number and percentage of resistant yeast spp. to fluconazole (FLZ), itraconazole (ITZ), ketoconazole (KTZ), posaconazole (POS), voriconazole (VOR), amphotericin (AmB) and anidulafungin (ANI) isolated from snakes coming from Group I and II.

From: Snakes as sentinel of zoonotic yeasts and bio-indicators of environmental quality

Yeast isolate (total number)

FLZ

ITZ

KTZ

POS

VOR

AmB

ANI

BP

ECV

R%

BP

ECV

R%

BP

ECV

R%

BP

ECV

R%

BP

ECV

R%

BP

ECV

R%

BP

ECV

R%

Group I (Marrakech, Morocco)

Ā Candida parapsilosis (2)

≄ 866

–

0%

–

0.567

0%

≄ 172

¬

0%

–

0.2567

100%

≄ 166

–

0%

–

167

0%

≄ 866

–

0%

Ā Candida tropicalis (11)

≄ 866

–

82%

–

0.567

73%

≄ 172

–

72%

–

0.1267

100%

≄ 166

–

82%

–

267

0%

≄ 166

–

0%

Ā Clavispora lusitaniae (Candida lusitaniae) (1)

–

167

100%

–

168

0%

≄ 172

–

0%

–

0.0667

100%

–

0.12569

0%

–

2 [67

0%

–

167

100%

Ā Diutina catelunata (3)

> 872

–

0%

> 172

–

0%

≄ 172

–

0%

–

0.0667,70

100%

–

166

0%

–

270

0%

≄ 166

–

100%

Ā Exophiala dermatitidis (2)

> 872

–

0%

> 172

–

100%

≄ 172

–

0%

–

0.0667,70

100%

–

166

0%

–

270

0%

≄ 166,72

–

100%

Ā Meyerozyma caribbica (Candida fermentati) (2)

> 872

–

0%

> 172

–

100%

≄ 172

–

0%

–

0.0667,70

100%

–

166

0%

–

270

0%

≄ 166,72

–

100%

Ā Rhodotorula mucillaginosa (2)

> 872

–

0%

> 172

–

0%

≄ 172

–

0%

–

0.0667,70

100%

–

166

0%

–

270

0%

≄ 166,72

–

100%

Ā Trichosporon asahii (16)

–

868

0%

> 172

–

100%

≄ 172

–

0%

–

0.567

50%

–

0.12568

0%

–

468

0%

≄ 166,72

–

100%

Ā Wickerhamiella pararugosa (Candida pararugosa) (1)

–

1667

0%

> 172

–

100%

≄ 172

–

0%

–

0.0667,70

100%

–

166

0%

–

270

0%

≄ 166,72

–

100%

Group II (Cocculo Abruzzo, Italy)

Ā Cryptococcus neoformans (4)

–

871

0%

–

0.2571

100%

≄ 172

–

0%

–

0.0667,70

100%

–

0.2571

0%

–

0.571

100%

≄ 166,72

–

100%

Ā Debaryomyces spp (12)

–

169

0%

–

0.569

33.3%

≄ 172

–

0%

–

0.569

0%

–

0.2569

0%

–

0.2569

100%

≄ 166,72

–

100%

Ā Metahyphopichia silvanorum (Candida silvanorum) (8)

> 872

–

0%

> 172

–

100%

≄ 172

–

0%

–

0.0667,70

100%

–

166

0%

–

270

0%

≄ 166,72

–

100%

Ā Meryerozyma guilliermondii(Candida guilliermondii) (4)

–

867

0%

–

267

100%

≄ 172

–

0%

–

0.567

100%

–

0.12569

100%

–

267

100%

≄ 866

–

0%

Ā R. mucilaginosa (4)

> 872

–

100%

> 172

–

100%

≄ 172

–

0%

–

0.0667,70

100%

> 166

–

0%

–

270

0%

≄ 166,72

–

100%

  1. Resistance were assessed using epidemiological cut-off (CV) and resistant breakpoints (BP) values proposed by CLSI (supplement M59, 2018, M27, M44S, M57S, 2022) and previous published study68,69,70,71.