Table 7 Performance of the optimized RF using BFS, PSO, WAO, and GWO with preprocessing.

From: Orthopedic disease classification based on breadth-first search algorithm

Optimized RF models

Accuracy

Sensitivity (TRP)

Specificity (TNP)

F-score

Precision

AUC

Fitted time

BFS-RF

99.41

99.42

99.41

99.42

99.41

100

0.1152

PSO-RF

97.13

96.93

96.94

96.93

96.93

97.20

0.1264

WAO-RF

96.75

96.76

96.75

96.76

96.75

97.08

0.1282

GWO-RF

93.95

93.95

93.96

93.95

93.96

94.72

0.1328