Table 3 Cross-section dependence test.

From: Enhancing environmental quality and economic growth through potential effects of energy efficiency and renewable energy in Asian economies

Test

GDP

L

K

CO2

EE

RE

Statistic

Breusch-Pagan LM

552.2138a

346.6675a

120.6481a

324.5547a

510.4822a

260.4278a

Pesaran scaled LM

70.05102a

42.58374a

12.38062a

39.62879a

64.47439a

31.05948a

Bias-corrected scaled LM

69.85102a

42.38374a

12.18062a

39.42879a

64.27439a

30.85948a

Pesaran CD

23.48271a

15.66565a

− 1.243612

13.11505a

11.89488a

− 2.672919a

  1. aIndicate significance at a 1% level.