Scientific Reports

Table 4 Panel unit root tests.

From: Enhancing environmental quality and economic growth through potential effects of energy efficiency and renewable energy in Asian economies

Variable	CADF		CIPS
Variable	Level	First difference	Level	First difference
GDP	− 1.665	− 1.343	− 1.888	− 2.406^b
L	− 1.729	− 2.141	− 1.291	− 3.029^a
K	− 1.774	− 2.362^b	− 1.629	3.316^a
CO₂	− 1.974	− 2.311^b	− 1.742	− 3.122^a
EE	− 2.209^c	− 2.231^c	− 1.859	− 3.083^a
RE	− 1.747	− 2.214^c	− 1.477	3.058^a

^{a, b, c}Indicate significance at 1%, 5%, and 10% level respectively.

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