Table 6 PMG/ARDL estimated coefficients for 2 models.
Variable | \(\:{GDP}_{t}=F\left({L}_{t,i},\:{K}_{t,i},\:{CO}_{2t,i},\:{EE}_{t,i},\:{RE}_{t,i},{\mu\:}_{t,i}\:\right)\) | \(\:{CO}_{2t}=F\left({L}_{t,i},\:{K}_{t,i},\:{GDP}_{t,i},\:{EE}_{t,i},\:{RE}_{t,i}\right)\) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Coefficient | t-statistic | Coefficient | t-statistic | |
Long-run (pooled) coefficients | ||||
L | − 1.545345a | − 22.35147 | − 0.664828a | − 12.27490 |
K | 0.102651a | 2.810470 | 0.062524 | 1.090867 |
CO2 | − 0.241546a | − 2.814860 | – | – |
GDP | – | 0.364006a | 5.852055 | |
EE | 1.373355a | 22.41116 | 0.665720a | 9.560166 |
RE | − 0.218844a | − 3.426925 | − 0.089661a | − 2.962347 |
C | 34.19677a | 25.46062 | 8.582868a | 7.350481 |
Short-run coefficients | ||||
ECM (− 1) | − 0.206422 | − 1.472268 | − 0.264695b | − 1.951430 |
D(GDP(− 1)) | 0.433115b | 2.258054 | ||
D(L) | 0.557713a | 2.719960 | − 0.906206a | − 3.462407 |
D(L(− 1)) | 0.024582 | 0.084080 | 0.049285 | 0.077764 |
D(K) | 0.054754 | 0.750993 | − 0.107131 | − 0.832787 |
D(K(− 1)) | 0.015485 | 0.353316 | − 0.036629 | − 0.357644 |
D(CO2) | 0.118948 | 1.100866 | ||
D(CO2(− 1)) | − 0.133959a | − 2.918116 | ||
D(GDP) | 0.603520 | 1.384666 | ||
D(GDP(− 1)) | 0.465638 | 1.092426 | ||
D(EE) | 0.065753 | 0.267946 | 0.460235 | 1.232972 |
D(EE(− 1)) | − 0.019031 | − 0.146318 | ||
D(RE) | 0.091705b | 2.245333 | − 0.150643 | − 1.394397 |
D(RE(− 1)) | − 0.084598 | − 1.101623 | ||
