Fig. 2

a. Violin plots displaying the expression of ASE genes (top) and non-ASE genes (bottom). No significant differences in gene expression levels between ASE genes and non-ASE genes were observed (P = 0.79, Mann–Whitney two-sided test). Gene expression levels were normalized to CPM values and then log2-transformed as shown on the x-axis. The median is denoted by the center of the boxplot, while the lower and upper hinges correspond to the first and third quartiles, respectively. Whiskers represent 1.5 times the interquartile range, with data beyond this range plotted as individual points. Spearman’s rank correlation between the allelic expression ratio derived from aSCAN and BASE (b), and from MBASED and BASE (c), respectively. The Venn diagram displays the overlap of ASE genes identified using phased (d) and unphased (e) genotype data by three tools: MBASED, aScan and BASE, respectively.