Fig. 1 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 1

From: Dynamic mode decomposition based Doppler monitoring of de novo cavitation induced by pulsed HIFU: an in vivo feasibility study

Fig. 1

Illustration of the experimental setup for pHIFU exposures of surgically exposed porcine liver in vivo and the ultrasound imaging sequences for treatment guidance. (a) A HIFU transducer equipped with water-filled coupling cone on the front and a coaxial imaging probe mounted at the center opening were used to deliver pHIFU pulses and acquire imaging data, respectively. A midline abdominal incision was made, allowing the cone tip to be in direct contact with the liver surface. (b) The ultrasound imaging sequence. 13 planewave Doppler pulses were emitted immediately after each pHIFU pulse, followed by conventional ray-line B-mode imaging pulses. The imaging probe was operated in ‘listening mode’ for passive cavitation detection (PCD), capturing radio-frequency (RF) signals during HIFU pulses to monitor inertial cavitation activity.

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