Fig. 2
From: Long-duration spaceflight adversely affects astronaut piloting performance
(a) The overhead landing pattern used in the T-38 simulation. The initial position of the aircraft was 5 km due north of runway 17R at Ellington Field, Houston, with an airspeed of 300 KIAS at an altitude of 1500 ft. Yellow text boxes are adapted from the United States Air Force T-38 Training Manual (1978). Map data: Google, DigitalGlobe. (b) Landing parameters used to assess pilot performance. TD—touchdown; Hdot—sink rate or vertical velocity; KIAS—knots-indicated airspeed.
