Table 1 Properties of asphalt binder used in this study.

From: Evaluation of asphalt mixtures modified with low-density polyethylene and high-density polyethylene using experimental results and machine learning models

Binder test

Standard

Average value

Limits

Penetration (0.1 mm)

AASHTO T49

65

60–70

Flash and Fire Point (°C)

AASHTO T48

329 and 363

≥  232

Ductility (cm)

AASHTO T51

131

≥ 100

Softening Point (°C)

AASHTO T53

49.2

46–56

BBR Stiffness (MPa)

AASHTO T313

105

≤ 300

BBR m-value

AASHTO T313

0.397

≥ 0.300

Viscosity (Pa.s) @ 135 °C

AASHTO T316

0.241

≤ 3

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