Table 8 Summary statistics.

From: The impact of retirement on loneliness in Europe

 

Whole sample

Men

Women

Low educated

High educated

Not Retired

Retired

Not Retired

Retired

Not Retired

Retired

Not Retired

Retired

Not Retired

Retired

Wave 5

Age

58.78

68.80

58.57

69.08

58.91

68.58

60.01

69.29

57.99

68.33

Female

0.60

0.55

0.00

0.00

1.00

1.00

0.64

0.56

0.58

0.54

High educated

0.61

0.51

0.65

0.52

0.59

0.50

0.00

0.00

1.00

1.00

Loneliness

3.64

3.69

3.55

3.56

3.70

3.79

3.75

3.70

3.57

3.67

Feeling isolated

0.12

0.12

0.10

0.10

0.13

0.14

0.14

0.13

0.10

0.12

Feeling left out

0.16

0.18

0.15

0.14

0.17

0.20

0.18

0.17

0.15

0.18

Lack companionship

0.25

0.28

0.21

0.24

0.28

0.32

0.29

0.29

0.23

0.27

Number of activities

2.54

2.52

2.49

2.42

2.57

2.60

2.00

2.21

2.89

2.81

Participate in group activity

0.68

0.65

0.70

0.68

0.66

0.64

0.56

0.59

0.75

0.71

Observations

9,410

10,289

3,733

4,611

5,677

5,678

3,660

5,062

5,750

5,227

Wave 6

Age

59.96

70.05

59.54

70.27

60.21

69.87

61.30

70.61

59.13

69.52

Female

0.62

0.55

0.00

0.00

1.00

1.00

0.65

0.56

0.59

0.54

High educated

0.62

0.52

0.66

0.53

0.59

0.50

0.00

0.00

1.00

1.00

Loneliness

3.71

3.74

3.61

3.61

3.78

3.85

3.82

3.77

3.64

3.72

Feeling isolated

0.13

0.14

0.12

0.11

0.14

0.16

0.16

0.14

0.12

0.13

Feeling left out

0.18

0.19

0.16

0.16

0.20

0.22

0.20

0.18

0.17

0.20

Lack companionship

0.28

0.30

0.24

0.25

0.31

0.34

0.32

0.32

0.26

0.29

Number of activities

2.54

2.53

2.52

2.42

2.55

2.61

1.99

2.21

2.88

2.82

Participate in group activity

0.67

0.65

0.69

0.66

0.65

0.64

0.53

0.58

0.75

0.72

Observations

7,876

11,823

3,027

5,317

4,849

6,506

3,013

5,709

4,863

6,114

Wave 8

Age

63.38

72.87

62.39

73.09

63.92

72.69

65.34

73.67

62.17

72.19

Female

0.65

0.55

0.00

0.00

1.00

1.00

0.71

0.57

0.61

0.54

High educated

0.62

0.54

0.68

0.55

0.58

0.53

0.00

0.00

1.00

1.00

Loneliness

3.74

3.79

3.60

3.68

3.81

3.89

3.88

3.85

3.65

3.74

Feeling isolated

0.14

0.15

0.11

0.13

0.16

0.17

0.18

0.16

0.12

0.14

Feeling left out

0.19

0.20

0.16

0.18

0.20

0.22

0.20

0.21

0.18

0.20

Lack companionship

0.28

0.31

0.24

0.27

0.30

0.35

0.32

0.33

0.25

0.29

Number of activities

2.52

2.49

2.51

2.36

2.52

2.59

1.89

2.16

2.90

2.77

Participate in group activity

0.67

0.64

0.70

0.64

0.65

0.64

0.52

0.57

0.76

0.70

Observations

4,955

14,744

1,749

6,595

3,206

8,149

1,898

6,824

3,057

7,920

  1. Notes: Means. The retired group includes everyone who is retired – by wave—according to retirement definition (1): all individuals who claim to be retired or who self-reported a retirement date predating the interview. The not-retired group includes everyone who is not retired according to this definition. Loneliness refers to the short version of the R-UCLA loneliness scale. Feeling isolated, feeling left out and lack companionship are indicator variables equal to one if respondents felt either of these feelings “some of the time” or “often”. The number of activities refers to a specific set of activities respondents have engaged in during the last 12 months. “Participate in group activities” refers to a dummy equal to one if the respondent has engaged in at least one kind of activity classified as a group activity during the last 12 months. Low (high) educated is defined as below (above) median years of education.
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