Fig. 4

Bidirectional effects of morphine on pancreatic cancer progression via the p38/JNK pathway were investigated. (a) Western blot analysis was conducted to measure the levels of p-JNK, JNK, p-p38, p38, Bcl-xL, Bcl-2, Bax, E-cad, and Vim after treating BxPC-3 cells with morphine concentrations of 25 µM and 100 µM for 72 h. (b) The quantitative analysis of p-JNK/JNK in (a). (c) The quantitative analysis of p-p38/p38 in (a). (d) The quantitative analysis of Bcl-xL/GAPDH in (a). (e) The quantitative analysis of Bcl-2/GAPDH in (a). (f) The quantitative analysis of Bax/GAPDH in (a). (g) The quantitative analysis of E-cad/GAPDH in (a). (h) The quantitative analysis of Vim/GAPDH in (a). Three independent experiments were performed, and all data were expressed as mean ± SD. Statistical significance was indicated as follows: *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001.