Table 1 Characteristics of study patients stratified by PSI and FENa cutoff values.

From: Clinical relevance of proteinuria selectivity index and fractional excretion of sodium in patients with nephrotic syndrome

Variable

PSI (n = 388)

FENa (n = 462)

Low (n = 205)

High (n = 183)

P value

Low (n = 240)

High (n = 222)

P value

Age, year

61 (42–73)

69 (54–77)

 < 0.001

62 (44–73)

71 (54–78)

 < 0.001

Female, n (%)

94 (45.9)

74 (40.4)

0.33

101 (42.1)

95 (42.8)

0.95

Body mass index, kg/m2

23.3 (20.9–26.5)

24.0 (21.3–26.5)

0.49

23.6 (21.1–26.9)

23.0 (20.9–25.5)

0.07

Blood pressure, mmHg

 Systolic

125 (114–138)

138 (126–155)

 < 0.001

130 (115–146)

132 (123–150)

0.02

 Diastolic

76 (70–84)

81 (68–90)

0.10

78 (69–88)

77 (69–84)

0.20

 Use of diuretics, n (%)

122 (59.5)

112 (61.2)

0.81

138 (57.5)

128 (57.7)

1.00

Comorbidities, n (%)

 Hypertension

78 (38.0)

106 (57.9)

 < 0.001

96 (40.0)

129 (58.1)

 < 0.001

 Diabetes

23 (11.2)

40 (21.9)

0.007

36 (15.0)

45 (20.3)

0.17

Blood test

 Albumin, g/dl

1.7 (1.3–2.3)

2.1 (1.6–2.7)

 < 0.001

1.8 (1.3–2.5)

2.3 (1.7–2.8)

 < 0.001

 Protein, g/dl

4.8 (4.2–5.4)

5.3 (4.6–5.9)

 < 0.001

4.8 (4.2–5.7)

5.3 (4.6–5.9)

 < 0.001

 Creatinine, mg/dl

0.86 (0.69–1.05)

1.35 (0.96–2.02)

 < 0.001

0.94 (0.72–1.30)

1.12 (0.82–2.02)

 < 0.001

 eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2

65.7 (51.7–79.1)

39.2 (23.5–56.0)

 < 0.001

58.8 (40.8–75.4)

43.5 (24.4–65.6)

 < 0.001

Urine test

 Urinary protein, g/gCr

7.8 (5.2–11.1)

7.6 (5.1–11.2)

0.98

8.2 (4.9–11.6)

6.5 (4.7–9.2)

0.004

 Urinary RBC, grade†

0 (0–1)

1 (0–3)

 < 0.001

1 (0–3)

1 (0–2)

0.79

Kidney biopsy

 Global sclerosis ratio, %

6.7 (0.0–16.7)

20.0 (6.1–38.8)

 < 0.001

9.1 (0.0–21.4)

18.2 (6.3–40.0)

 < 0.001

 IFTA, grade*

0 (0–1)

1 (0–2)

 < 0.001

0 (0–1)

1 (0–2)

 < 0.001

Immunosuppressants, n (%)

 Corticosteroid

182 (88.8)

145 (79.2)

0.02

204 (85.0)

174 (78.4)

0.09

 Others

70 (34.1)

76 (41.5)

0.16

92 (38.3)

83 (37.4)

0.91

  1. eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, FENa fractional excretion of sodium, IFTA interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy, MCD minimal change disease, PSI proteinuria selectivity index, RBC red blood cell.
  2. †Five grades based on number of cells per high power field: Grade 1 (≤ 5), Grade 2 (6–10), Grade 3 (11–25), Grade 4 (26–50), and Grade 5 (≥ 51).
  3. *Four grades: Grade 0 (< 10%), Grade 1 (10%–25%), Grade 2 (26%–50%), and Grade 3 (> 50%).
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