Table 1 Variability of a panel of gut health markers in faecal samples of healthy subjects collected over three consecutive days.

Marker	Coefficient of variation % ¹		Intra-class correlation coefficient [CI]²
Marker	Intra-individual (CV%_intra)	Inter-individual (CV%_inter)	Intra-class correlation coefficient [CI]²
BSS	16.5 ± 14.9	36.9 ± 1.85	0.74 [0.43–0.92]
pH	3.87 ± 1.74	6.47 ± 1.46	0.56 [0.16–0.85]
Water content	5.74 ± 3.20	8.13 ± 0.64	0.37 [-0.01-0.76]
Acetic acid	16.0 ± 11.7	36.1 ± 3.10	0.73 [0.41–0.92]
Propionic acid	17.8 ± 12.4	36.5 ± 8.85	0.64 [0.28–0.88]
Butyric acid	27.8 ± 17.4	37.9 ± 0.72	0.40 [-0.01-0.77]
Valeric acid	27.6 ± 17.5	38.6 ± 3.37	0.33 [-0.05-0.73]
Heptanoic acid	81.5 ± 65.4	108.9 ± 7.76	0.73 [0.41–0.92]
Hexanoic acid	38.2 ± 31.9	93.1 ± 6.59	0.81 [0.55–0.94]
Isobutyric acid	24.9 ± 14.5	36.5 ± 5.65	0.34 [-0.05-0.72]
Isovaleric acid	30.5 ± 16.7	44.1 ± 9.78	0.35 [-0.03-0.74]
4-Methylvaleric acid	26.0 ± 41.8	35.1 ± 0.00	0.12 [-0.39-0.37]
Total SCFAs³	17.2 ± 13.8	34.3 ± 3.39	0.65 [0.29–0.89]
Total BCFAs³	27.4 ± 15.2	40.5 ± 7.97	0.35 [-0.03-0.74]
Total fungi⁴	67.0 ± 35.8	222.0 ± 16.7	0.90 [0.75–0.97]
Total bacteria⁴	40.6 ± 16.9	55.0 ± 18.9	0.32 [-0.01-0.71]
Calprotectin	63.8 ± 69.0	125.8 ± 0.68	0.92 [0.79–0.98]
Myeloperoxidase	106.5 ± 51.1	158.7 ± 18.0	0.37 [-0.03-0.77]

¹The mean ± SD of CV% the n = 10 participants is shown.
²The 95% confidence interval is provided. Participants were instructed to choose only one scale point for the Bristol Stool Scale, but when two types were indicated by the participant, the highest of the two scores was included in the analysis.
³The total SCFAs include acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, heptanoic acid, hexanoic acid. The total BCFAs include isobutyrate, isovalerate and 4-methylvaleric acid.
⁴The total fungi and bacteria are corrected for faecal wet weight.

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