Table 6 Duodenum, Jejunum, and ileum morphometry variables of white laying hens fed different sources and levels of trace minerals from 78 to 98 weeks of age.

Variable	Villus Height (µ)	Villus width (µ)	Crypt depth (µ)	Crypt width (µ)	Villus: Crypt (µ)	Area (µ²)
Duodenum
IM	1308*	185*	255	68.7	5.12	15.8
AACM70	1131*	161*	236	72.4	5.16	15.3
AACM50	1299	173	252	72.3	5.16	15.5
AACM40	1251	182	237	66.8	5.25	15.0
MEAN	1248	175	245	70.1	5.17	15.4
SEM	14.0	2.9	4.1	1.16	0.086	0.19
P-values
Dunnett	< 0.001	0.015	0.245	0.222	0.757	0.441
Linear¹	0.002	0.026	0.917	0.084	0.776	0.506
Quadratic¹	< 0.001	0.226	0.107	0.316	0.539	0.494
Jejunum
IM	1205*	129*	172*	64.0	7.39	16.7
AACM70	1056*	108*	146*	67.1	7.49	15.4
AACM50	1075	121	139*	62.8	7.52	15.2
AACM40	1015*	127	145*	56.5	7.60	16.0
MEAN	1088	121	150	62.6	7.50	15.8
SEM	20.4	2.4	3.4	1.23	0.178	0.28
P-values
Dunnett	0.006	0.010	0.004	0.060	0.982	0.180
Linear¹	0.466	0.007	0.884	0.002	0.819	0.396
Quadratic¹	0.427	0.547	0.435	0.739	0.952	0.439
Ileum
IM	898	93.0*	164*	58.0*	5.83*	15.3*
AACM70	998	141*	160	73.6*	7.22*	12.7*
AACM50	919	105	138*	63.7	7.41*	15.0
AACM40	887	102	127*	50.7	7.77*	15.9
Average	924	109	148	61.0	7.00	14.7
SEM	17.6	2.6	3.5	1.35	0.23	0.17
P-values
Dunnett	0.112	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
Linear¹	0.026	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.242
Quadratic¹	0.596	0.004	0.526	0.605	0.179	0.841

SEM = standard error of the mean.
IM = 60, 60, 7, 40, 0.2, and 2 mg/kg of Zn, Mn, Cu, Fe, Se, and I, respectively;
AACM70 = 42.0, 42.0, 4.9, 28, 0.14, and 1.4 mg/kg of Zn, Mn, Cu, Fe, Se, and I, respectively;
AACM50 = 30, 30, 3.5, 20, 0.10, and 1 mg/kg of Zn, Mn, Cu, Fe, Se, and I, respectively;
AACM40 = 24, 24, 2.8, 16, 0.08, and 0.80 of Zn, Mn, Cu, Fe, Se, and I, respectively¹. Orthogonal polynomial contrast; *Within a column differ significantly (P < 0.05) according to Dunnett’s test, which compares AACM levels with the IM control group.

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