Table 1 Driving force index system.

From: Spatial and temporal evolution patterns and driving mechanisms of rural settlements: a case study of Xunwu County, Jiangxi Province, China

Level

Driving Factors

Factor Explanation

Physical and geographical conditions

Elevation(X1)

reflects the vertical zonal distribution pattern of rural residential areas in Xunwu county through the DEM data of Xunwu.

Slope(X2)

The slope of Xunwu County is divided through DEM data, exploring the spatial distribution characteristics of rural residential points.

Terrain Ruggedness(X3)

Considering the Terrain Ruggedness of Rural Residential Areas.

Location conditions

Road Distance(X4)

The distance from rural residential areas to main roads, reflecting the convenience of transportation for the distribution of residential areas.

River Distance(X5)

The distance from rural residential areas to rivers, reflecting the choice of residential distribution in production and living spaces.

Passenger Station Distance(X6)

The distance from rural residential areas to passenger stations, reflecting the convenience of transportation accessibility in the distribution of residential areas.

Medical facility distance(X7)

Distance from rural settlement to medical facilities (e.g. hospitals, township health clinics).

Education facility distance(X8)

Distance from the main education facility to rural settlements.

Socio-economic conditions

Land Area(X9)

The total land area of Xunwu Village/km2, reflecting the total amount of land resources in the region.

Per Capita Arable Land Area(X10)

The ratio of the total arable land area in the village to the total population of the village (mu/person).

Population Density(X11)

The ratio of the total population in a village area to the total land area of the village (people/km2), reflecting the density of population.

Per Capita GDP(X12)

The ratio of village-level GDP to total population, reflecting the per capita production value within the village area.

The proportion of primary industry output value(X13)

The proportion of primary industry output value in the village area.

The proportion of secondary and tertiary industry output value(X14)

The percentage of the secondary and tertiary industry output value in a village area.

Grain yield(X15)

Total grain yield in village area.