Fig. 1

Experimental design and data analysis workflow. Pregnant Sprague–Dawley rats were exposed to e-cigarette aerosol vaping (E-cig) or normal air (Control) from gestational day 4 (E4) to 20 (E20). At postnatal day 7 (P7), ten pups (5 males and 5 females) were randomly selected from each group of the control and e-cig-exposed offspring. Their brains were collected for RNA/DNA extraction and subsequent construction of RRBS methylation and RNA-seq libraries. The DNA methylome and transcriptomic profiles between offspring exposed to maternal e-cig aerosol and those from control dams were obtained and compared between these two groups.