Fig. 5
From: Multi-modal and multi-layer robustness analysis of the European rail and air networks
Clusters of nodes with a similar mean node betweenness centrality profile in the European rail network. Three clusters are identified, C1 (orange), C2 (blue) and C3 (cyan), and their node members are shown on the map (left). Edges are depicted either in black or colored, depending on whether they connect nodes which belong to the same cluster (then cluster color is used) or to different clusters (then shown in black). The right plot shows their three robustness analysis results when nodes are removed in random (replications are performed for statistic robustness) considering an additional constraint: when testing the robustness of a cluster, nodes belonging to that cluster are not removed (constrained nodes). Dashed vertical lines indicate when only constrained nodes remain non-disrupted. The size of the normalized area under the curve (reported in the top-right corner of right plot) is adopted as an aggregated metric for network robustness, clearly showing that the network remains largely intact as long as either C1 or C2 are not disrupted. (Map is created using Matplotlib and Basemap https://matplotlib.org/basemap/stable/).
