Table 1 Dataset characteristics for the development, standalone testing, clinical testing, and subset of NIH ChestX-ray8 datasets.

Radiographs

No. of U.S. hospitals, outpatient centers, and specialty centers

15

12

9

n/a

No. of chest cases

341,355

20,000

238

922

No. of radiographs

492,996

28,928

345

922

No. of X-ray device manufacturers

11

9

8

n/a

Patients

No. of patients

185,114

15,631

236

847

Case Demographics

No. of female cases (%)

187,488 (54.92)

10,379 (51.90)

132 (55.46)

401 (43.49)

No. 22–44 years old cases (%)

60,180^* (17.63)

3,481 (17.41)

29 (12.18)

334 (36.23)

No. 45–64 years old cases (%)

122,307^* (35.83)

7,430 (37.15)

92 (38.66)

447 (48.48)

No. 65–74 years old cases (%)

64,365^* (18.86)

4,368 (21.84)

53 (22.27)

112 (12.15)

No. 75 + years old cases (%)

90,799^* (26.60)

4,721 (23.61)

64 (26.89)

29 (3.15)

Labelers

No. of U.S. board certified radiologists

17

17

17

13

Median experience (years)

14

14

14

14

No. of total labels

6,202,776

480,000

5,712

22,128

No. of total labels per category

775,347

60,000

714

2,766

No. of positive labels (%)

1,428,303 (23.03)

131,526 (27.40)

1,647 (28.83)

6,617 (29.9)

No. of positive cardiac labels (%)

228,659 (29.49)

18,942 (31.57)

228 (31.93)

462 (16.70)

No. of positive Mediastinum/Hila labels (%)

130,699 (16.86)

12,139 (20.23)

162 (22.69)

664 (24.01)

No. of positive lung labels (%)

394,842 (50.92)

36,639 (61.07)

452 (63.31)

1,979 (71.55)

No. of positive pleura labels (%)

202,697 (26.14)

19,521 (32.54)

230 (32.21)

1,026 (37.09)

No. of positive bone labels (%)

92,514 (11.93)

7,401 (12.34)

103 (14.43)

308 (11.14)

No. of positive soft tissue labels (%)

26,592 (3.43)

2,142 (3.57)

34 (4.76)

204 (7.38)

No. of positive hardware labels (%)

305,516 (39.40)

29,744 (49.57)

360 (50.42)

1,609 (58.17)

No. of positive other labels (%)

46,784 (6.03)

4,998 (8.33)

78 (10.92)

365 (13.20)