Table 3 Types of cardiac abnormalities in newborns.

From: The association of increased incidence of congenital heart disease in newborns with maternal COVID-19 infection during pregnancy

Cardiac Abnormality

COVID-19 Cases (n = 12)

Control (n = 17)

P

Atrial septal defect (ASD)

8

2

<0.001

Patent foramen ovale (PFO)

6

15

Ventricular septal defect (VSD)

2

2

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

3

10

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