Table 3 Assessing various algorithms for case 1: comparative performance analysis.

From: Frequency stabilization of interconnected diverse power systems with integration of renewable energies and energy storage systems

Transient response

Change in areas

MOA

FOA

GWO

SCA

DTBO1

PFA29

WCA40

Time settling (Ts)

∆F1

2.69

2.86

3.66

3.80

8.434

25.5

12.27

∆F2

3.21

3.93

4.09

4.85

10.90

23.2

29.46

∆Ptie

3.20

3.66

3.71

3.83

5.98

18.77

30.50

Overshoot (Osh)

∆F1

0.00024

0.00043

0.00007

0.00194

0.00004

0.00680

0.00280

∆F2

0.00023

0.00028

0.00024

0.00044

0.00027

0.01170

0.00110

∆Ptie

0.00007

0.00012

0.00072

0.00241

0.00000

0.00260

0.0007

Undershoot (Ush)

∆F1

− 0.00061

− 0.00086

− 0.00600

− 0.0102

− 0.00059

− 0.0245

− 0.0109

∆F2

− 0.00026

− 0.00035

− 0.00062

− 0.0008

− 0.00178

− 0.0228

− 0.0035

∆Ptie

− 0.00601

− 0.00564

− 0.00803

− 0.0087

− 0.00084

− 0.0044

− 0.0022

  1. Significant values are in bold.