Table 12 Power indices of PIDA-based AVR system after changes in different time constants.
Time constant | Percentage of change | Maximum overshoot (p.u.) | Rise time (seconds) | Settling time (seconds) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
\(\:{T}_{a}\) | –50% | 0.95 | 0.32 | 1.00 |
+ 50% | 1.06 | 0.29 | 0.80 | |
\(\:{T}_{e}\) | –50% | 0.98 | 0.18 | 1.49 |
+ 50% | 1.05 | 0.36 | 1.40 | |
\(\:{T}_{g}\) | –50% | 1.07 | 0.14 | 2.50 |
+ 50% | 1.03 | 0.42 | 1.91 | |
\(\:{T}_{s}\) | –50% | 0.99 | 0.27 | 0.93 |
+ 50% | 1.00 | 0.27 | 0.93 |
