Table 7 Optimization techniques with PID controller poles and damping ratios.

From: Enhancement of AVR system performance by using hybrid harmony search and dwarf mongoose optimization algorithms

HS-DMOA-PIDA

Pole

-550

-100

-1.01

-5.69 + 7.38i

-5.69–7.38i

-0.94 + 1.19i

-0.94–1.19i

Damping ratio

1

1

1

0.6106

0.6106

0.6228

0.6228

LUS-PIDA6

Pole

-551

-101

-1.01

-5.69 + 7.38i

-5.69–7.38i

-0.95 + 1.19i

-0.95–1.19i

Damping ratio

1

1

1

0.611

0.611

0.623

0.623

HAS-PIDA6

Pole

-564

-101

-0.596

-5.59 + 6.97i

-5.59–6.97i

-1.31 + 1.27i

-1.31–1.27i

Damping ratio

1

1

1

0.625

0.625

0.718

0.718

TLBO-PIDA6

Pole

-548

-101

-0.855

-5.47 + 7.29i

-5.47–7.29i

-1.23 + 1.08i

-1.23–1.08i

Damping ratio

1

1

1

0.6

0.6

0.751

0.751