Table 9 Maximum percentage overshoot of PID-based optimization methods under dynamic disturbance.

From: Enhancement of AVR system performance by using hybrid harmony search and dwarf mongoose optimization algorithms

PID-based Optimization method

0.8 step reference (p.u.)

1.2 step reference (p.u.)

1 step reference (p.u.)

HS-DMOA

0.861

1.233

0.988

HS

1.038

1.300

0.928

LUS

1.024

1.289

0.937

TLBO

1.020

1.289

0.938

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