Table 1 Summary of median age at death, breed-specific premature longevity thresholds, total count (N), and Cephalic index for dog breeds within the dataset.
From: Premature mortality analysis of 52,000 deceased cats and dogs exposes socioeconomic disparities
Breed | Premature threshold (years) | Median age (years) | n | Cephalic index |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Airedale Terrier | 9.80 | 11.73 (11.53–11.93) | 23 | Dolichocephalic |
Akita | 8.26 | 10.00 (9.72–10.28) | 29 | Mesaticephalic |
Alaskan Malamute | 9.34 | 11.11 (10.98–11.24) | 49 | Mesaticephalic |
American Bulldog | 8.27 | 9.95 (9.73–10.17) | 65 | Brachycephalic |
Basset Hound | 10.19 | 12.17 (11.99–12.35) | 81 | Dolichocephalic |
Beagle | 10.01 | 11.95 (11.78–12.12) | 133 | Mesaticephalic |
Bearded Collie | 11.41 | 13.62 (13.43–13.81) | 45 | Mesaticephalic |
Bedlington Terrier | 10.46 | 12.53 (12.31–12.75) | 45 | Dolichocephalic |
Belgian Shepherd | 10.03 | 11.98 (11.80–12.16) | 18 | Mesaticephalic |
Bernese Mountain | 6.92 | 8.30 (8.14–8.46) | 20 | Mesaticephalic |
Bichon Frise | 10.90 | 13.01 (12.82–13.20) | 251 | Mesaticephalic |
Border Collie | 11.18 | 13.34 (13.15–13.53) | 1289 | Mesaticephalic |
Border Terrier | 11.88 | 14.12 (13.98–14.26) | 516 | Mesaticephalic |
Boston Terrier | 9.16 | 10.95 (10.78–11.12) | 26 | Brachycephalic |
Boxer | 9.14 | 10.88 (10.75–11.01) | 345 | Brachycephalic |
Bull Terrier | 9.71 | 11.61 (11.43–11.79) | 125 | Mesaticephalic |
Bulldog | 7.11 | 8.57 (8.36–8.78) | 146 | Brachycephalic |
Cairn Terrier | 11.49 | 13.66 (13.52–13.8) | 145 | Mesaticephalic |
Cavalier King Charles Spaniel | 9.77 | 11.64 (11.50–11.79) | 637 | Brachycephalic |
Chihuahua | 10.08 | 12.09 (11.85–12.33) | 287 | Brachycephalic |
Chinese Crested | 11.03 | 13.17 (12.97–13.37) | 32 | Mesaticephalic |
Cockapoo | 9.29 | 11.24 (10.93–11.55) | 62 | Mesaticephalic |
Collie (Generic) | 11.30 | 13.51 (13.30–13.72) | 170 | Dolichocephalic |
Crossbreed | 11.24 | 13.43 (13.23–13.62) | 6355 | Other |
Dachshund | 10.75 | 12.80 (12.53–13.07) | 91 | Dolichocephalic |
Dachshund (Miniature) | 11.15 | 13.23 (13.03–13.43) | 105 | Dolichocephalic |
Dalmatian | 10.36 | 12.39 (12.17–12.61) | 123 | Dolichocephalic |
Dobermann | 8.72 | 10.42 (10.19–10.65) | 73 | Dolichocephalic |
Dogue De Bordeaux | 5.57 | 6.70 (6.53–6.87) | 37 | Brachycephalic |
English Setter | 10.96 | 13.03 (12.88–13.18) | 19 | Dolichocephalic |
Fox Terrier | 11.13 | 13.40 (13.17–13.63) | 23 | Mesaticephalic |
French Bulldog | 7.54 | 9.08 (8.85–9.31) | 200 | Brachycephalic |
German Pointer | 10.25 | 12.23 (12.03–12.43) | 61 | Mesaticephalic |
German Shepherd | 9.67 | 11.47 (11.36–11.58) | 726 | Dolichocephalic |
Great Dane | 6.79 | 8.14 (7.96–8.32) | 33 | Dolichocephalic |
Greyhound | 10.79 | 13.01 (12.83–13.19) | 298 | Dolichocephalic |
Hungarian Vizsla | 9.83 | 11.71 (11.50–11.92) | 56 | Dolichocephalic |
Husky (generic) | 10.60 | 12.70 (12.55–12.85) | 51 | Dolichocephalic |
Irish Setter | 10.40 | 12.57 (12.30–12.84) | 43 | Dolichocephalic |
Irish Terrier | 11.25 | 13.36 (13.03–13.69) | 17 | Mesaticephalic |
Italian Spinone | 9.46 | 11.27 (10.99–11.55) | 16 | Dolichocephalic |
Jack Russell Terrier | 12.07 | 14.37 (14.24–14.50) | 2151 | Dolichocephalic |
Japanese Akita Inu | 8.30 | 9.94 (9.67–10.21) | 42 | Mesaticephalic |
King Charles Spaniel | 9.95 | 11.88 (11.67–12.09) | 44 | Brachycephalic |
Labradoodle | 10.91 | 12.95 (12.73–13.17) | 135 | Mesaticephalic |
Lakeland Terrier | 11.72 | 14.06 (13.82–14.30) | 73 | Mesaticephalic |
Leonberger | 5.95 | 7.14 (6.88–7.40) | 12 | Mesaticephalic |
Lhasa Apso | 10.50 | 12.56 (12.41–12.71) | 345 | Mesaticephalic |
Lurcher | 10.90 | 13.04 (12.82–13.26) | 330 | Dolichocephalic |
Maltese | 10.25 | 12.33 (12.06–12.61) | 35 | Mesaticephalic |
Mastiff | 7.66 | 9.20 (9.01–9.39) | 40 | Brachycephalic |
Miniature Schnauzer | 10.74 | 12.77 (12.63–12.91) | 207 | Mesaticephalic |
Newfoundland | 8.66 | 10.38 (10.19–10.57) | 29 | Mesaticephalic |
Norfolk Terrier | 11.43 | 13.61 (13.44–13.78) | 24 | Mesaticephalic |
Old English Sheepdog | 10.05 | 12.00 (11.82–12.18) | 25 | Mesaticephalic |
Papillon | 12.12 | 14.46 (14.26–14.67) | 30 | Mesaticephalic |
Parson Russell Terrier | 11.78 | 14.08 (13.86–14.30) | 56 | Dolichocephalic |
Patterdale Terrier | 11.55 | 13.81 (13.59–14.03) | 191 | Mesaticephalic |
Pekingese | 11.15 | 13.29 (13.12–13.47) | 29 | Brachycephalic |
Pointer | 10.17 | 12.16 (11.96–12.36) | 45 | Mesaticephalic |
Pomeranian | 10.28 | 12.33 (12.1–12.56) | 41 | Mesaticephalic |
Poodle (generic) | 11.35 | 13.53 (13.35–13.71) | 84 | Dolichocephalic |
Poodle (Miniature) | 11.76 | 14.02 (13.84–14.20) | 77 | Mesaticephalic |
Poodle (Toy) | 12.45 | 14.93 (14.65–15.21) | 68 | Mesaticephalic |
Pug | 8.92 | 10.73 (10.49–10.97) | 151 | Brachycephalic |
Retriever (Flat Coated) | 9.12 | 10.94 (10.73–11.15) | 36 | Mesaticephalic |
Retriever (Generic) | 11.02 | 13.10 (12.96–13.24) | 90 | Mesaticephalic |
Retriever (Golden) | 10.93 | 13.01 (12.85–13.17) | 423 | Mesaticephalic |
Retriever (Labrador) | 10.83 | 12.88 (12.74–13.02) | 2545 | Mesaticephalic |
Rhodesian Ridgeback | 10.04 | 11.97 (11.81–12.13) | 45 | Mesaticephalic |
Rottweiler | 8.10 | 9.69 (9.53–9.85) | 231 | Mesaticephalic |
Saluki | 10.12 | 12.20 (11.91–12.49) | 18 | Dolichocephalic |
Samoyed | 10.39 | 12.49 (12.25–12.73) | 15 | Mesaticephalic |
Schnauzer | 10.97 | 13.15 (12.95–13.35) | 36 | Dolichocephalic |
Scottish Terrier | 11.07 | 13.24 (13.00–13.48) | 57 | Mesaticephalic |
Shar-Pei | 9.31 | 10.99 (10.74–11.24) | 74 | Mesaticephalic |
Shetland Sheepdog | 11.65 | 13.86 (13.69–14.03) | 73 | Dolichocephalic |
Shih Tzu | 10.95 | 13.10 (12.91–13.29) | 606 | Brachycephalic |
Siberian Husky | 10.31 | 12.35 (12.16–12.54) | 100 | Dolichocephalic |
Spaniel (American Cocker) | 9.36 | 11.09 (10.79–11.39) | 23 | Brachycephalic |
Spaniel (Cocker) | 10.92 | 12.95 (12.78–13.12) | 1241 | Brachycephalic |
Spaniel (English Springer) | 10.83 | 12.81 (12.62–13.00) | 154 | Brachycephalic |
Spaniel (Field) | 10.28 | 12.19 (11.85–12.53) | 13 | Brachycephalic |
Spaniel (Generic) | 11.09 | 13.37 (13.06–13.68) | 36 | Brachycephalic |
Spaniel (Springer) | 11.13 | 13.41 (13.24–13.58) | 883 | Brachycephalic |
Spaniel (Welsh Springer) | 10.62 | 12.86 (12.55–13.17) | 26 | Brachycephalic |
St. Bernard | 6.66 | 7.98 (7.79–8.17) | 13 | Brachycephalic |
Staffordshire Bull Terrier | 10.41 | 12.25 (12.15–12.35) | 1724 | Mesaticephalic |
Terrier (Generic) | 11.08 | 13.22 (13.09–13.35) | 171 | Mesaticephalic |
Tibetan Spaniel | 11.03 | 13.16 (12.89–13.43) | 13 | Mesaticephalic |
Tibetan Terrier | 10.70 | 12.81 (12.53–13.09) | 75 | Mesaticephalic |
Weimaraner | 10.18 | 12.13 (11.92–12.34) | 88 | Dolichocephalic |
Welsh Terrier | 11.11 | 13.22 (12.83–13.61) | 16 | Mesaticephalic |
West Highland White Terrier | 11.45 | 13.67 (13.53–13.81) | 896 | Mesaticephalic |
Whippet | 10.73 | 12.86 (12.58–13.14) | 195 | Dolichocephalic |
Yorkshire Terrier | 11.82 | 14.01 (13.91–14.11) | 797 | Mesaticephalic |
