Table 5 Frequency and percentage of behavioral and psychological symptoms of the study participants (n = 90).

From: Behavioral and psychological symptoms and brain volumes in community-dwelling older persons from the Nakayama Study

Characteristics

All n = 90

MCI n = 52

Dementia n = 38

P value

NPI dominant

N

%

N

%

N

%

Delusions

4

4.4

2

3.8

2

5.3

0.75

Hallucinations

3

3.3

1

1.9

2

5.3

0.40

Agitation/aggression

14

15.6

6

11.5

8

21.1

0.35

Depression/dysphoria

8

8.9

3

5.8

5

13.2

0.37

Anxiety

7

7.8

2

3.8

5

13.2

0.10

Euphoria/elation

2

2.2

0

0

2

5.3

0.10

Apathy/indifference

20

22.2

5

9.6

15

39.5

0.001*

Disinhibition

6

6.7

2

3.8

4

10.5

0.22

Irritability/lability

17

18.9

9

17.3

8

21.1

0.68

Aberrant motor behavior

4

4.4

1

1.9

3

7.9

0.19

Total

40

44.4

16

30.8

24

63.2

0.003*

Nighttime behavior disturbances

14

15.6

6

11.5

8

21.1

0.21

Appetite and eating disturbance

8

8.9

4

7.7

4

10.5

0.90

  1. MCI mild cognitive impairment, NPI neuropsychiatric inventory.
  2. *p < 0.05 (MCI vs Dementia and Alzheimer’s disease (isolated) vs Vascular dementia, Mann–Whitney U tests).