Table 2 Contents (mg/100 g dry weight) of individual 132 compounds from Acanthopanax senticosus.

Phenolic acids

 Mono-hydroxycinnamoylquinic acid derivatives

  P1⁷⁾

1CQA

0.63 ± 0.01

0.24 ± 0.00

0.14 ± 0.00

-

  P2⁷⁾

3CQA

< LOQ

1.02 ± 0.02

0.10 ± 0.00

< LOQ

  P3⁷⁾

5CQA

22.76 ± 0.38

34.85 ± 0.52

4.88 ± 0.17

8.08 ± 0.15

  P4⁷⁾

4CQA

3.08 ± 0.06

6.44 ± 0.10

0.56 ± 0.00

0.63 ± 0.01

  P5¹⁾

5cisCQA

2.15 ± 0.03

4.59 ± 0.05

-

-

  P8¹⁾

5pCoQA

1.63 ± 0.02

4.66 ± 0.07

1.01 ± 0.05

-

  P10⁷⁾

5FQA

0.60 ± 0.01

1.19 ± 0.01

0.69 ± 0.01

1.65 ± 0.05

  P11¹⁾

5cispCoQA

0.51 ± 0.00

2.55 ± 0.04

-

-

  P13¹⁾

5cisFQA

-

0.75 ± 0.02

-

-

  P14⁷⁾

5CQA ME

0.16 ± 0.00

0.02 ± 0.00

0.02 ± 0.00

-

Subtotal

31.62 ± 0.46^c

56.23 ± 0.51^d

7.40 ± 0.16^a

10.35 ± 0.19^b

 Di-hydroxycinnamoylquinic acid derivatives

  P15⁷⁾

1,4diCQA

0.46 ± 0.01

6.77 ± 0.06

1.12 ± 0.01

-

  P16⁷⁾

3,4diCQA

1.15 ± 0.00

15.65 ± 0.36

2.44 ± 0.03

-

  P17⁷⁾

1,5diCQA

182.71 ± 5.84

101.17 ± 1.55

19.20 ± 0.21

1.77 ± 0.00

  P18⁷⁾

3,5diCQA

45.97 ± 0.74

157.21 ± 1.42

83.03 ± 1.45

0.98 ± 0.01

  P19¹⁾

3cisC5CQA

3.78 ± 0.09

23.40 ± 1.12

-

-

  P20¹⁾

1Mal3,5diCQA

41.00 ± 0.36

125.50 ± 3.55

2.23 ± 0.11

-

  P21⁷⁾

4,5diCQA

5.07 ± 0.14

17.32 ± 0.26

45.89 ± 0.51

2.69 ± 0.03

  P22¹⁾

1C5cisCQA

16.90 ± 0.70

8.66 ± 0.28

-

-

  P23¹⁾

3Mal1,5cisdiCQA

4.82 ± 0.11

12.80 ± 0.16

-

-

  P24¹⁾

4Mal1,5diCQA

-

5.69 ± 0.21

-

  P25¹⁾

4Mal3,5diCQA

-

38.26 ± 0.96

-

-

  P28¹⁾

3,5diFQA

-

-

2.84 ± 0.05

-

Subtotal

302.49 ± 4.89^c

511.56 ± 2.52^d

156.94 ± 1.15^b

5.47 ± 0.03^a

 Hydroxycinnamoylshikimic acid derivatives

  P6¹⁾

4CSA

-

1.05 ± 0.01

-

-

  P7¹⁾

5CSA

-

1.52 ± 0.01

-

-

  P9¹⁾

3CSA

11.05 ± 0.15

32.94 ± 0.63

-

-

  P12¹⁾

3cisCSA

-

1.56 ± 0.02

-

-

  P26¹⁾

3,5diCSA

2.35 ± 0.18

11.10 ± 0.22

-

-

  P27¹⁾

3,4diCSA

12.72 ± 0.14

30.34 ± 0.55

2.78 ± 0.05

-

Subtotal

26.12 ± 0.18^c

78.48 ± 1.40^d

2.78 ± 0.05^b

-^a

Total phenolic acids

359.19 ± 5.20^c

646.56 ± 0.98^d

167.18 ± 1.27^b

15.82 ± 0.16^a

Flavonoid derivatives

F1²⁾

Q3Gal7Glu

1.27 ± 0.02

0.18 ± 0.00

-

-

F2²⁾

Q3Rob7Glu

0.21 ± 0.00

-

-

-

F3²⁾

Q3,7diGlu

0.89 ± 0.01

0.12 ± 0.00

-

-

F4²⁾

Q3Sop

0.42 ± 0.02

0.53 ± 0.02

-

-

F5²⁾

Q3Rob

57.37 ± 0.28

37.25 ± 1.18

10.72 ± 0.23

-

F6⁷⁾

Q3Rut

36.32 ± 0.31

24.47 ± 0.47

6.62 ± 0.02

< LOD

F7⁷⁾

Q3Gal

333.34 ± 0.66

189.96 ± 1.14

44.49 ± 0.22

0.25 ± 0.00

F8⁷⁾

Q3Gluc

54.21 ± 0.42

19.98 ± 0.08

1.32 ± 0.02

< LOD

F9⁷⁾

Q3Glu

155.73 ± 0.33

65.04 ± 0.42

13.32 ± 0.06

< LOD

F10²⁾

K3Rob

0.86 ± 0.01

0.79 ± 0.04

-

-

F11³⁾

Q3Xyl

2.06 ± 0.04

2.17 ± 0.06

0.04 ± 0.00

-

F12⁷⁾

Q3Ara

0.55 ± 0.00

0.30 ± 0.00

0.24 ± 0.00

-

F13³⁾

K3Gal

4.11 ± 0.07

2.66 ± 0.05

0.29 ± 0.00

F14⁷⁾

Q3(6Mal)Glu

2.00 ± 0.03

1.94 ± 0.01

0.41 ± 0.00

F15⁷⁾

K3Rut

1.63 ± 0.00

0.58 ± 0.00

-

-

F16⁷⁾

K3Glu

13.99 ± 0.00

7.67 ± 0.08

1.42 ± 0.01

-

F17³⁾

I3Gal

0.80 ± 0.01

1.43 ± 0.05

0.65 ± 0.00

-

F18³⁾

N7Glu

0.15 ± 0.01

-

1.09 ± 0.06

-

F19⁷⁾

Q3Rham

7.23 ± 0.04

46.23 ± 0.57

0.04 ± 0.002

0.26 ± 0.00

F20³⁾

I3Glu

0.29 ± 0.00

0.75 ± 0.01

0.18 ± 0.01

-

F21³⁾

K3Rham

0.33 ± 0.00

4.19 ± 0.09

-

-

F22³⁾

I3Rham

-

0.32 ± 0.01

-

-

Total flavonoids

674.34 ± 1.06^d

408.02 ± 3.06^c

81.27 ± 0.41^b

0.51 ± 0.00^a

Saponin derivatives

 Mesembryanthemoidigenic acid derivatives

  S1⁴⁾

G₂A-MA-GGR

4.85 ± 0.07

-

-

-

  S2⁴⁾

G₃A-MA-GGR

3.34 ± 0.07

-

-

-

  S3⁴⁾

Sop-MA-G(Ac)GR

2.30 ± 0.02

-

-

-

  S6⁴⁾

RA-MA-GGR

23.09 ± 0.27

12.06 ± 0.29

1.47 ± 0.05

-

  S7⁵⁾

Ara-MA-GGR

12.79 ± 0.03

11.89 ± 0.30

-

-

  S8⁴⁾

G₂A-MA-G(Ac)GR

37.66 ± 0.29

12.01 ± 0.17

-

-

  S9⁴⁾

RA-MA-Gen

-

-

0.85 ± 0.03

-

  S10⁴⁾

G₃A-MA-G(Ac)GR

17.03 ± 0.11

1.32 ± 0.11

-

-

  S11⁴⁾

G₂A-MA-Glu

4.28 ± 0.04

0.70 ± 0.03

-

-

  S14⁴⁾

RA-MA-G(Ac)GR

52.77 ± 0.85

25.28 ± 0.51

1.14 ± 0.03

-

  S15⁵⁾

Ara-MA-G(Ac)GR

24.85 ± 0.39

28.35 ± 0.82

0.85 ± 0.04

-

  S21⁶⁾

Sop-MA

4.72 ± 0.04

-

-

  S34⁶⁾

G₂A-MA

68.51 ± 0.49

20.55 ± 0.13

0.43 ± 0.03

-

  S37⁶⁾

G₃A-MA

21.71 ± 0.19

13.44 ± 0.84

-

-

  S53⁶⁾

RA-MA

88.12 ± 1.59

43.78 ± 0.26

3.31 ± 0.22

-

  S60⁶⁾

Ara-MA

94.38 ± 0.41

61.45 ± 0.35

3.30 ± 0.22

-

  S63⁶⁾

Gluc-MA

-

-

6.69 ± 0.21

-

Subtotal

460.17 ± 0.76^d

230.97 ± 3.03^c

17.97 ± 0.43^b

-^a

 Serratagenic acid derivatives

  S4⁴⁾

RA-SA-GGR

2.72 ± 0.11

1.31 ± 0.03

-

-

  S5⁵⁾

Ara-SA-GGR

3.46 ± 0.09

4.18 ± 0.21

-

-

  S12⁴⁾

RA-SA-G(Ac)GR

4.53 ± 0.14

2.43 ± 0.10

-

-

  S13⁵⁾

Ara-SA-G(Ac)GR

4.38 ± 0.10

6.47 ± 0.18

-

-

  S24⁶⁾

G₂A-SA

14.30 ± 0.19

1.92 ± 0.05

-

-

  S32⁶⁾

G₃A-SA

5.00 ± 0.08

1.32 ± 0.06

-

-

  S47⁶⁾

RA-SA

19.64 ± 0.37

8.79 ± 0.13

-

-

  S54⁶⁾

Ara-SA

38.83 ± 0.48

18.84 ± 0.32

1.45 ± 0.02

-

Subtotal

92.62 ± 0.34^d

45.26 ± 0.28^c

1.45 ± 0.02^b

-^a

 Echinocystic acid derivatives

  S16⁵⁾

Gluc-EA-Gen

-

-

0.85 ± 0.03

-

  S18⁴⁾

G₃A-EA-GGR

1.51 ± 0.05

-

-

-

  S20⁴⁾

G₂A-EA-GGR

0.84 ± 0.08

-

-

-

  S23⁴⁾

RA-EA-GGR

24.15 ± 0.75

4.69 ± 0.11

2.52 ± 0.07

-

  S29⁵⁾

Ara-EA-GGR

23.31 ± 0.43

6.67 ± 0.16

1.54 ± 0.04

-

  S30⁴⁾

G₃A-EA-G(Ac)GR

27.09 ± 0.43

-

-

-

  S33⁵⁾

Gluc-EA-Glu

-

-

2.59 ± 0.15

-

  S35⁴⁾

G₂A-EA-G(Ac)GR

10.98 ± 0.37

2.23 ± 0.09

-

-

  S36⁴⁾

RA-EA-Gen

-

-

1.94 ± 0.16

-

  S43⁴⁾

RA-EA-G(Ac)GR

86.64 ± 1.54

28.70 ± 0.19

1.01 ± 0.05

-

  S49⁵⁾

Ara-EA-G(Ac)GR

37.25 ± 0.99

20.2 ± 0.35

-

-

  S69⁶⁾

G₃A-EA

4.07 ± 0.07

-

-

-

  S70⁶⁾

G₂A-EA

7.28 ± 0.06

1.70 ± 0.16

-

-

  S72⁶⁾

RA-EA

30.93 ± 0.25

13.85 ± 0.25

2.28 ± 0.04

-

  S75⁶⁾

Ara-EA

27.45 ± 0.33

14.12 ± 0.53

0.85 ± 0.06

-

Subtotal

280.38 ± 2.80^d

92.10 ± 1.66^c

13.39 ± 0.24^b

-^a

 Hederagenin derivatives

  S22⁷⁾

Ara-H-GGR

2.29 ± 0.00

1.56 ± 0.00

-

-

  S38⁵⁾

Gluc-H-Glu

-

-

28.44 ± 0.42

-

  S71⁶⁾

Gluc-H

-

-

221.91 ± 12.61

-

  S73⁷⁾

RA-H

1.52 ± 0.02

0.46 ± 0.00

0.08 ± 0.01

-

  S76⁶⁾

Ara-H

0.67 ± 0.02

0.44 ± 0.04

0.55 ± 0.02

-

Subtotal

4.49 ± 0.04^a

2.46 ± 0.04^a

250.22 ± 12.30^b

-^a

 Akebonic acid derivatives

  S25⁴⁾

G₃A-Ake-GGR

25.46 ± 0.02

1.03 ± 0.06

-

-

  S28⁴⁾

G₂A-Ake-GGR

24.48 ± 0.48

2.17 ± 0.05

-

-

  S39⁷⁾

RA-Ake-GGR

138.65 ± 0.42

76.13 ± 0.28

7.16 ± 0.06

-

  S41⁴⁾

G₃A-Ake-G(Ac)GR

64.32 ± 0.37

6.09 ± 0.40

-

-

  S45⁴⁾

G₂A-Ake-G(Ac)GR

145.56 ± 2.04

26.07 ± 0.53

-

-

  S48⁵⁾

Ara-Ake-GGR

70.05 ± 1.95

42.37 ± 1.71

1.74 ± 0.04

-

  S56⁴⁾

RA-Ake-G(Ac)GR

399.58 ± 3.97

155.42 ± 3.77

7.35 ± 0.09

-

  S62⁵⁾

Ara-Ake-G(Ac)GR

155.13 ± 1.86

83.92 ± 1.64

3.51 ± 0.01

-

  S74⁶⁾

G₂A-Ake

20.11 ± 1.70

14.32 ± 0.98

-

-

  S78⁶⁾

RA-Ake

4.86 ± 0.54

11.86 ± 0.82

-

-

  S81⁶⁾

Ara-Ake

1.81 ± 0.17

3.69 ± 0.38

-

-

Subtotal

1,051.61 ± 6.67^d

420.67 ± 8.54^c

19.73 ± 0.08^b

-^a

 Oleanolic acid derivatives

  S26⁴⁾

Sop-OA-GGR

5.66 ± 0.07

0.91 ± 0.07

-

-

  S40⁵⁾

Glu-OA-GGR

9.92 ± 0.19

26.94 ± 0.12

-

-

  S42⁴⁾

G₃A-OA-GGR

70.63 ± 0.50

7.43 ± 0.67

1.58 ± 0.05

-

  S44⁵⁾

Gluc-OA-GG

-

-

1.78 ± 0.02

-

  S46⁷⁾

G₂A-OA-GGR

57.83 ± 0.14

36.54 ± 0.05

1.90 ± 0.00

-

  S50⁴⁾

G₃A-OA-Gen

8.10 ± 0.19

1.61 ± 0.04

-

-

  S51⁵⁾

(6Mal)Glu-OA-GGR

0.42 ± 0.05

4.63 ± 0.03

-

-

  S55⁴⁾

G₂A-OA-Gen

1.07 ± 0.09

-

1.20 ± 0.03

-

  S57⁷⁾

RA-OA-GGR

599.70 ± 10.06

661.08 ± 1.47

36.10 ± 0.30

-

  S58⁴⁾

G₃A-OA-G(Ac)GR

61.11 ± 0.69

17.25 ± 0.71

1.15 ± 0.11

-

  S59⁷⁾

G₂A-OA-G(Ac)GR

101.86 ± 0.57

112.76 ± 0.39

5.46 ± 0.00

-

  S61⁴⁾

RA-OA-Gen

7.79 ± 0.32

3.04 ± 0.14

21.94 ± 0.23

-

  S64⁷⁾

Ara-OA-GGR

180.07 ± 1.39

93.06 ± 1.21

5.50 ± 0.01

-

  S66⁴⁾

RA-OA-G(Ac)GR

436.27 ± 12.19

538.31 ± 8.77

13.19 ± 0.30

-

  S67⁵⁾

Gluc-OA-Glu

3.16 ± 0.04

5.75 ± 0.09

57.47 ± 1.08

-

  S68⁵⁾

Ara-OA-G(Ac)GR

86.63 ± 1.20

134.66 ± 1.77

1.45 ± 0.03

-

  S77⁶⁾

G₃A-OA

0.85 ± 0.10

0.96 ± 0.12

-

-

  S79⁶⁾

G₂A-OA

6.00 ± 0.26

28.19 ± 1.53

-

-

  S80⁷⁾

Gluc-OA

0.81 ± 0.02

0.80 ± 0.03

147.32 ± 1.25

-

  S82⁶⁾

(6Mal)Glu-OA

3.61 ± 0.39

29.09 ± 1.57

3.01 ± 0.38

-

Subtotal

1,630.65 ± 17.65^c

1,696.07 ± 5.31^d

299.71 ± 0.74^b

-^a

 Other saponins

  S17⁶⁾

Gluc-29OH-EA

-

-

4.05 ± 0.07

-

  S19⁵⁾

Glu-11-DAA-GGR

0.77 ± 0.02

-

-

-

  S27⁵⁾

Gluc-29OH-H

-

-

16.16 ± 0.49

-

  S31⁴⁾

Chii-GGR

40.68 ± 1.56

73.99 ± 1.32

-

-

  S52⁴⁾

11-DAA-GGR

2.08 ± 0.10

5.95 ± 0.30

-

-

  S65⁶⁾

Gluc-Cau

-

-

4.90 ± 0.25

-

Subtotal

43.55 ± 1.67^c

80.08 ± 1.56^d

25.27 ± 0.53^b

-^a

Total saponins

3,576.67 ± 24.36^d

2,571.55 ± 10.85^c

630.04 ± 12.54^b

-^a

Total compounds

4,621.16 ± 25.17^d

3,622.96 ± 11.98^c

879.63 ± 13.25^b

16.33 ± 0.16^a