Table 11 Frequency regulation strategies.
From: Analysis of multidimensional impacts of electric vehicles penetration in distribution networks
Ref | Modelling /optimization | Mode | Purpose | Horizon | Flow |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Statistical | Centralized | Economic benefit | Day-ahead | G2V2G | |
Multi-objective optimization model | Hierarchical | Frequency regulation benefit | Day-ahead | G2V2G | |
Empirical model | Decentralized | Economic benefit | 24 h | V2G | |
Multiple Integer linear programming | Hierarchical | Frequency regulation benefit | Realtime | G2V2G | |
Nonlinear Integer Programming | Decentralized | Economic benefit | Day ahead & Realtime | G2V2G | |
State space via Marcov transition matrix | centralized | Frequency regulation benefit | Realtime | G2V2G | |
Particle swarm optimization | Decentralized | Frequency regulation benefit | Day-ahead | V2G | |
Model Predictive Control | Centralized | Economic benefit | Real-time | G2V2G |
