Table 16 Key findings, challenges and recommendations of environmental impacts.
From: Analysis of multidimensional impacts of electric vehicles penetration in distribution networks
Impact | Key findings | Challenges | Recommendations |
|---|---|---|---|
Promotion for clean mobility | Shifting from fossil fuel vehicles to e-mobility reduce emissions besides enhancing energy security by lessening reliance on fossil fuel which is an appealing factor for consumers Another influencing factors on consumer intention to use EV is cutting the costs associated with health problems related to air pollution | Still in many communities, no broad knowledge on EV environmental benefits and no penalties are set by government on high-emission vehicles, thus no reasonable efforts are put to promote EV adoption among consumers | Governments are advised to; Focus on promoting the use of EVs to reduce environmental pollution through awareness campaigns and education to encourage user responsibility and green behavior Implementing taxes on high-emission vehicles and offering incentives for EVs Raise the fuel oil tax or launch the carbon tax to promote the relative competitiveness of EV |
EVs’ battery production and disposal | With high penetration of EVs, the demand for batteries is increasing, thus environmental concerns can arise and should be studied | Batteries production process involves a lot of chemical procedures that are dangerous to the environment and can lead to health hazards Materials used in EV batteries are challenging to recycle and careless disposal of these batteries can be toxic and may lead to fire hazards | Direct research towards organic Li-batteries production, along with safe repurposing and recycling of Li-batteries can make EV-technology cleaner and more affordable, and safe Have well-defined, environment- friendly end-of-life strategy for the batteries Consider second-life batteries reusing |
Divided opinions | Concerns about EV batteries production, disposal and recycling may lead to divided opinions on EVs’ environmental merits | Despite the potential for EVs in CO2 emissions reduction, their environmental benefits are often doubted by consumers, who doubt EV batteries capacity and are concerned by high battery cost and their production and disposal risks | Governments and industry manufacturers should allocate research resources for battery technology development to help alleviate customers worries of EV adoption |
