Table 17 Scalability of each aspect.

From: Analysis of multidimensional impacts of electric vehicles penetration in distribution networks

Aspect

Enhancements

Efforts’ costs

Scale

Technical

Grid stability, infrastructure growth

Grid upgrades, smart charging, V2G infrastructure implementation

Local to National

Social

Behavioral change, EV /V2G acceptance

Public education, awareness campaigns, incentives, consumer outreach

Local to Regional

Economic

Market transformation, job shifts

New energy markets, job retraining, tax incentives and subsidies

Regional to National

Regulatory

Governmental Policies and incentives

Regulatory standards and subsidies as well as collaboration with corporates

Regional to Global

Environmental

Emissions reduction, battery waste disposal

Green energy investment, battery recycling

Local to Global