Fig. 3
From: Non-invasive SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection and human transcriptome analysis using skin surface lipids
Transcriptome analysis of SSL samples from patients with COVID-19. (a) Data preprocessing. We selected 45 samples with a detected gene percentage greater than 20%. Normalization factors were calculated using DESeq2, and genes with non-zero read counts in more than 90% of samples (3,835 genes) were selected. (b) Volcano plot of gene expression changes in COVID-19. (c) Significant GO terms in biological processes and KEGG pathways for 235 genes upregulated in patients with COVID-19. (d) Heatmap of viral response-associated genes in the top three GO terms (GO:0051607, GO:0045071, and GO:0009615) extracted from the genes upregulated in patients with COVID-19. (e) Heatmap of TNF pathway-related genes upregulated in patients with COVID-19. Expression levels were converted to z-scores by genes. HL, healthy control.
