Table 4 Association between smoking and demographic and health status characteristics.

From: A longitudinal investigation of the determinants of stroke survivors’ utilisation of a healthy lifestyle for stroke rehabilitation in Australia

Characteristics

Smoking

Baseline (2005–2009)

Sub-study (2017)

No

Yes

p-value

No

Yes

p-value

n (%)

n (%)

 

n (%)

n (%)

 

Gender

  

0.022

  

0.069

 Male

301 (95.2)

15 (4.7)

 

277 (91.7)

25 (8.3)

 

 Female

235 (90.4)

25 (9.6)

 

213 (86.9)

32 (13.1)

 

Education

  

0.818

  

0.173

 No formal school/school only

245 (92.8)

19 (7.2)

 

224 (87.8)

31 (12.2)

 

 Trade/apprentice/diploma

181 (93.3)

13 (6.7)

 

161 (89.4)

19 (10.6)

 

 University

105 (94.6)

06 (5.4)

 

101 (94.4)

06 (5.6)

 

Marital status

  

< 0.001

  

< 0.001

 Single

36 (81.8)

08 (18.2)

 

34 (70.8)

14 (29.2)

 

 Married/living with partner

385 (95.8)

17 (4.2)

 

324 (94.2)

20 (5.8)

 

 Widowed/divorced/separated

111 (88.1)

15 (11.9)

 

126 (86.3)

20 (13.7)

 

Alcohol consumption risk

  

0.001

  

0.056

 None/low

443 (94.7)

25 (5.3)

 

421 (91.3)

40 (8.7)

 

 Moderate/high

82 (85.4)

14 (14.6)

 

58 (84.1)

11 (15.9)

 

BMI (kg/m2)

  

0.139

  

0.862

 Underweight/normal

167 (90.3)

18 (9.7)

 

152 (89.9)

17 (10.1)

 

 Overweight

211 (94.6)

12 (5.4)

 

174 (91.6)

16 (8.4)

 

 Obese

117 (95.1)

06 (4.9)

 

114 (90.5)

12 (9.5)

 

Physical activity

  

0.025 F

  

0.490

 Inactive/sedentary

–

*

 

172 (88.7)

22 (11.3)

 

 Moderate/high

–

–

 

297 (90.6)

31 (9.4)

 

Hypertension

  

0.002

  

0.915

 No

292 (90.1)

32 (9.1)

 

313 (89.7)

36 (10.3)

 

 Yes

244 (96.8)

08 (3.2)

 

177 (89.4)

21 (10.6)

 

Heart disease

  

0.212

  

0.335

 No

425 (92.4)

35 (7.6)

 

367 (88.9)

46 (11.1)

 

 Yes

111 (95.7)

05 (4.3)

 

123 (91.8)

11 (8.2)

 

Diabetes

  

0.636 F

  

0.908

 No

–

–

 

401 (89.5)

47 (10.5)

 

 Yes

–

*

 

89 (89.9)

10 (10.1)

 

Depression

  

0.024

  

0.047

 No

406 (94.2)

25 (5.8)

 

445 (90.5)

47 (9.5)

 

 Yes

59 (86.8)

09 (13.2)

 

45 (81.8)

10 (18.2)

 

Anxiety

  

0.025

  

0.020

 No

424 (94.0)

27 (6.0)

 

450 (90.5)

47 (9.5)

 

 Yes

41 (85.4)

07 (14.6)

 

40 (80.0)

10 (20.0)

 

Asthma

  

0.999 F

  

0.451

 No

–

–

 

445 (89.9)

50 (10.1)

 

 Yes

–

*

 

45 (86.5)

07 (13.5)

 

Supplements use

  

0.080

  

0.850

 No

299 (91.4)

28 (8.6)

 

399 (89.5)

47 (10.5)

 

 Yes

237 (95.2)

12 (4.8)

 

91 (90.1)

10 (9.9)

 
  1. p-value is obtained using Chi-square test, unless indicated by F in which case the p-value is obtained using Fisher Exact test. *Indicates n < 5 (disclosure of such small numbers in publications presents a potential risk to confidentiality and is prohibited by The Sax Institute’s 45 and Up Study). The numbers and percentages are not mentioned in order to prevent the identification of small numbers (< 5) within the corresponding data cell.
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