Table 8 Association between supplements use and demographic and health status characteristics.
Characteristics | Supplements use | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline (2005–2009) | Sub-study (2017) | |||||
No | Yes | p-value | No | Yes | p-value | |
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |||
Gender | < 0.001 | 0.004 | ||||
Male | 203 (64.2) | 113 (35.8) | 272 (86.1) | 44 (13.9) | ||
Female | 124 (47.7) | 136 (52.3) | 200 (76.9) | 60 (23.1) | ||
Education | 0.685 | 0.990 | ||||
No formal school/School only | 150 (56.8) | 114 (43.2) | 227 (82.3) | 49 (17.7) | ||
Trade/apprentice/diploma | 113 (58.3) | 81 (41.7) | 153 (81.8) | 34 (18.2) | ||
University | 59 (53.2) | 52 (46.8) | 89 (82.4) | 19 (17.6) | ||
Marital status | 0.515 | 0.914 | ||||
Single | 25 (56.8) | 19 (43.2) | 41 (80.4) | 10 (19.6) | ||
Married/living with partner | 234 (58.2) | 168 (41.8) | 297 (82.7) | 62 (17.3) | ||
Widowed/divorced/separated | 66 (52.4) | 60 (47.6) | 130 (82.8) | 27 (17.2) | ||
Smoking | 0.080 | 0.850 | ||||
No | 299 (55.8) | 237 (44.2) | 399 (81.4) | 91 (18.6) | ||
Yes | 28 (70.0) | 12 (30.0) | 47 (82.5) | 10 (17.5) | ||
Alcohol consumption risk | 0.089 | 0.726 | ||||
None/low | 258 (55.1) | 210 (44.9) | 395 (81.1) | 92 (18.9) | ||
Moderate/high | 62 (64.6) | 34 (35.4) | 58 (82.9) | 12 (17.1) | ||
BMI (kg/m2) | 0.926 | 0.442 | ||||
Underweight or normal (< 25.0) | 108 (58.4) | 77 (41.6) | 151 (83.9) | 29 (16.1) | ||
Overweight (25.0–29.9) | 126 (56.5) | 97 (43.5) | 154 (79.0) | 41 (21.0) | ||
Obese (≥ 30.0) | 70 (56.9) | 53 (43.1) | 106 (79.7) | 27 (20.3) | ||
Physical activity | 0.446 | 0.998 | ||||
Inactive/sedentary | 78 (59.5) | 53 (40.5) | 161 (80.9) | 38 (19.1) | ||
Moderate/high | 237 (55.8) | 188 (44.2) | 271 (80.9) | 64 (19.1) | ||
Hypertension | 0.043 | 0.138 | ||||
No | 172 (53.1) | 152 (46.9) | 313 (83.7) | 61 (16.3) | ||
Yes | 155 (61.5) | 97 (38.5) | 159 (78.7) | 43 (21.3) | ||
Heart disease | 0.385 | 0.627 | ||||
No | 257 (55.9) | 203 (44.1) | 357 (81.5) | 81 (18.5) | ||
Yes | 70 (60.3) | 46 (39.7) | 115 (83.3) | 23 (16.7) | ||
Diabetes | 0.246 | 0.309 | ||||
No | 278 (55.8) | 220 (44.2) | 392 (82.7) | 82 (17.3) | ||
Yes | 49 (62.8) | 29 (37.2) | 80 (78.4) | 22 (21.6) | ||
Depression | 0.151 | 0.326 | ||||
No | 243 (56.4) | 188 (43.6) | 428 (82.5) | 91 (17.5) | ||
Yes | 32 (47.1) | 36 (52.9) | 44 (77.2) | 13 (22.8) | ||
Anxiety | 0.292 | 0.543 | ||||
No | 252 (55.9) | 199 (44.1) | 431 (82.3) | 93 (17.7) | ||
Yes | 23 (47.9) | 25 (52.1) | 41 (78.9) | 11 (21.1) | ||
Asthma | 0.012 | 0.062 | ||||
No | 250 (57.2) | 187 (42.8) | 432 (82.9) | 89 (17.1) | ||
Yes | 25 (40.3) | 37 (59.7) | 40 (72.7) | 15 (27.3) | ||
